Non-invasive Examination
Non-invasive Examination - Related Videos
07:44
Ophthalmoscopic Examination
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2023
Source: Richard Glickman-Simon, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, MA The simplest ophthalmoscopes consist of an aperture to look through, a diopter indicator, and a disc for selecting lenses. The ophthalmoscope is primarily used to examine the fundus, or the inner wall of the posterior eye, which consists of the choroid, retina, fovea, macula, optic disc, and retinal vessels (Figure 1). The spherical eyeball...
35:03
Mental Status Examination
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2023
Source: Carmen Black, Matthew Goldenberg, and Jaideep Talwalkar; Yale School of Medicine The mental status exam is a clinical evaluation of emotional, perceptual, and cognitive functioning that spans both the fields of psychiatry and neurology. Developing skill in the psychiatric portions of the examination are important to describe salient aspects of the patient's mental state that may be observed during routine history and/or physical exam. Proficiency in the cognitive portions of this...
20:06
The Comprehensive Infant Examination
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2023
Source: Heather Collette and Jaideep Talwalkar; Yale School of Medicine The newborn exam is important in establishing a baby's baseline health status as they enter the world. Newborn providers have the unique opportunity to evaluate a patient for the very first time. They are also tasked with identifying congenital anomalies that require early intervention to promote a long and healthy life for the child. Many newborn anomalies, such as heart defects, are noted on prenatal ultrasound. However,...
10:16
Chick Heart Invasion Assay for Testing the Invasiveness of Cancer Cells and the Activity of Potentially Anti-invasive Compounds
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Cited by 4 •
2015
Here, we present a protocol to study the invasion of tumor cells into living normal tissue fragments in three dimensions. This organ culture technique is mainly applied to test potentially anti-invasive drugs in vitro.
07:58
Invasion Assay Using 3D Matrices
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2023
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of molecules that provide a structural framework for cells and tissues and helps facilitate intercellular communication. Three-dimensional cell culture techniques have been developed to more accurately model this extracellular environment for in vitro study. While many cell processes during migration through 3D matrices are similar to those required for movement across rigid 2D surfaces, including adherence, migration through ECM also requires cells...
FAQs
Ultrasound produces images by sending sound waves into the body and interpreting the waves that return after reflection. This mechanism provides information about internal anatomy without requiring tissue removal or an incision. In clinical assessment, the resulting images can complement findings from physical examination and help clinicians gather information for diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment planning.
These components provide different types of clinical information. Inspection uses visible findings, palpation assesses features through touch, auscultation evaluates sounds, and vital-sign measurement supplies physiological values. Considering them together gives clinicians a broader assessment than relying on one observation alone, supporting evaluation of changes in body systems and informing decisions about further assessment.
It can provide clinically useful information while minimizing discomfort, infection risk, and recovery time. Because clinicians can first assess anatomy or physiology externally, they may use those findings to guide treatment planning and determine whether more invasive testing should be considered. This staged approach is particularly valuable when initial findings are needed without immediately entering the body.
A typical assessment may begin with inspection, followed by palpation and auscultation, while vital signs are measured as appropriate. External technologies such as ultrasound can then add image-based information about internal anatomy. The clinician combines these observations and measurements to support screening, diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment planning, depending on the patient’s clinical need.
Clinicians may use it when they need to identify possible changes, establish an assessment, or follow a patient over time. Its low burden makes repeated evaluations practical, since it avoids the discomfort, infection risk, and recovery time associated with more invasive approaches. Findings can also help determine whether additional testing or treatment planning is warranted.
The approach can provide information about cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and other body systems. Different components may be selected according to the system being evaluated, including auscultation, vital-sign measurement, palpation, inspection, or ultrasound imaging. This flexibility allows the same broad clinical strategy to support screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and planning across diverse medical situations.