Cognitive Disorders
Cognitive Disorders - Related Videos
09:08
An Introduction to Cognition
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2023
Cognition encompasses mental processes such as memory, perception, decision-making reasoning and language. Cognitive scientists are using a combination of behavioral and neuropsychological techniques to investigate the underlying neural substrates of cognition. They are interested in understanding how information is perceived, processed and how does it affect the final execution of behaviors. With this knowledge, researchers hope to develop new treatments for individuals with cognitive...
06:19
Eye Tracking in Cognitive Experiments
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2023
Eye tracking as the name suggests involves tracking of eye-movements. It is a non-invasive, sensitive tool that quantifies and measures eye-movements to describe an individuals' cognitive state. An eye-movement between two fixation points is called a saccade, which is one of the fastest motor movements in our body. By observing the profiles of these eye movements, scientists can better understand neural deficits in patients with cognitive impairments. In this video, we will first look at an...
10:02
Executive Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California Attention, working-memory, planning, impulse control, inhibition, and mental flexibility are important components of human cognition that are often referred to as executive functions. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that is characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a disorder that lasts a lifetime, and is thought to affect...
08:25
Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
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Cited by 5 •
2016
The present protocol aims at assessing cognitive-emotional functions in the basal ganglia by simultaneous neurophysiological recording of local field potentials and non-invasive brain cortical activity (EEG). The procedure is exemplified by the use of paradigms involving speech stimuli with emotional connotation or the Flanker task involving cognitive control.
13:20
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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2025
This protocol presents a more precise and effective method of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices during an experimental task using neuronavigation and robotic systems. Based on the results, crucial implications are suggested for future online stimulation research.
FAQs
Changes in brain structure or function can disrupt neural processes responsible for processing information, forming memories, and regulating behavior. The resulting difficulties may appear in abilities such as attention, language, learning, memory, or decision-making. Examining which abilities are affected helps psychologists identify patterns of impairment and relate those patterns to how a person understands and responds to everyday situations.
Symptoms vary because cognitive disorders can arise from different causes and involve different degrees of disruption to mental processes. One person may show greater difficulty with memory, while another may experience more prominent problems with attention, language, learning, or decision-making. Assessing both the affected abilities and their severity helps clarify how substantially the condition influences daily functioning.
Evaluation commonly considers memory, attention, language, learning, and decision-making because these abilities support information processing and behavior. Comparing performance across these areas can reveal a distinctive pattern rather than treating all cognitive difficulty as identical. In psychology, that pattern provides useful information for understanding impairment and judging its practical effects on daily life.
Psychologists combine clinical interviews, behavioral assessment, and standardized cognitive testing. Interviews gather information about the person’s difficulties and their effects, behavioral assessment examines how those difficulties appear in actions, and standardized tests provide structured measures of cognitive performance. Using these approaches together supports the distinction of impairment patterns and contributes to informed diagnosis and care planning.
A clinical evaluation examines reported difficulties alongside observable behavior and standardized cognitive performance. The clinician considers how memory, attention, language, learning, or decision-making problems appear and whether they interfere with daily life. This combined process is more informative than focusing on a single symptom because it connects test findings with the person’s actual functioning and experiences.
Standardized cognitive tests are useful when psychologists need structured information about mental abilities and impairment patterns. They can help compare performance across cognitive areas and support distinctions among presentations that may look similar in everyday life. Test results are interpreted alongside interviews and behavioral observations, allowing assessment findings to inform diagnosis rather than serving as an isolated conclusion.
Assessment findings can guide rehabilitation by identifying the cognitive abilities that require support and by clarifying how impairment affects daily activities. They also help caregivers understand a person’s needs and adapt assistance accordingly. In this way, psychological knowledge connects clinical assessment with strategies intended to preserve independence, improve quality of life, and address practical challenges.
Cognitive disorders provide a framework for studying interventions that may preserve independence and improve quality of life. Researchers can use clinical, behavioral, and standardized cognitive information to characterize impairment before considering outcomes. Linking intervention research to specific cognitive patterns and daily-life effects helps evaluate whether an approach addresses meaningful functional needs rather than only isolated test performance.