Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and underlying inflammation that is partially reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment.

Inflammation causes swelling and excess mucus that narrows the airway lumen, obstructing airflow, making breathing difficult.

As a result, individuals may experience recurring episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

Although the exact cause isn't fully understood, asthma is linked to both genetics and environmental exposures.

People with a family history of asthma or allergies are at a higher risk of developing asthma.

Environmental triggers play a significant role. Allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, and cockroach droppings, exacerbate symptoms.

Non-allergic irritants, such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, strong odors, exercise, and cold air, can also worsen symptoms.

Respiratory viruses, including the common cold, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus, are frequent triggers of asthma flare-ups, especially in children.