Name: Long-Term Catheterization of the Intestinal Lymph Trunk and Collection of Lymph in Neonatal Pigs (Video) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2016-03-05T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 25 s
Description: Learn surgical catheterization of the intestinal lymph trunk in neonatal pigs using a ventral mid-line approach. This technique enables reliable collection of lymph for studying lipid metabolism and drug absorption in vivo.

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5 minutes

The work was supported in part by funding from Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency and Natural Science and Research Council Discovery grant to S. D. Proctor.

All procedures on experimental animals described in both the video and manuscript were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and followed the guidelines set by the Canadian Council of Animal Care.
1. Surgical Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation of the Neonatal Pigs
<ol>
	<li>In a separated anteroom, premedicate 25 kg pigs near the base of the neck with an intramuscular sedative-anesthetic drug cocktail containing: azaperone (0.3 mg/kg), ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg), dexmedetomidine (15 &#181;g/kg). 
	Note: Add buprenorphine (0.005-0.02 mg/kg) in the pre-anesthetic drug cocktail for enhanced intra-operative pain control.</li>
	<li>Anesthetize the pigs with inhaled isoflurane inhalation gas (4-5% isoflurane at 500 ml-1,000 ml/min O2) using a face mask. Visualize the vocal cords using a veterinary laryngeal scope (17-25 cm long straight blade), and apply topical 10% lidocaine spay to the vocal cords. Allow the lidocaine spray to contact the vocal cords 30-60 sec prior to intubation to reduce the possibility of vocal cord spasm and airway obstruction.</li>
	<li>Intubate the pigs by passing a cuffed endotracheal tube (5.0-7.0 mm Internal Diameter (ID)) between the vocal cords and maintain the anesthesia with isoflurane gas (0.5-2.0% isoflurane at 1,000-2,000 ml/min O2) using a closed circuit rebreathing anesthetic system throughout the surgery. Assess the level of anesthesia by jaw tone, and both pedal and palpebral reflex responses. Expired anesthetic gas is scavenged and vented outside the surgical suite.</li>
	<li>Clean the exterior surface of the ear with 2.0% chlorhexidine surgical scrub solution followed by a 70% isopropyl alcohol rinse. With a 20 G intravenous catheter, catheterize an ear vein to provide intravenous fluids (Lactated Ringer&#39;s Solution; 5-10 ml/kg/hr) during the surgery. Secure a pulse oximeter to the mucosal surface of the tongue with medical tape to monitor heart rate and the saturation of peripheral blood oxygenation (SpO2).</li>
	<li>Place the anesthetized pig in a dorsal recumbent position and shave the ventral abdomen from the mid thorax caudally to the ventral aspect of the pubis. Clean this area with two alternating 2.0 % chlorhexidine surgical scrubs and sterile water washes.</li>
	<li>Transfer the anaesthetized pig to the surgical suite and apply the final surgical scrub of 70% isopropyl alcohol rinse, allow it to dry, and then drape the animal.</li>
	<li>Insert a rectal temperature probe approximately 2-4 cm into the rectum to monitor body temperature. Place the pigs on a water recirculating heating pad to maintain normal body temperature (38-40 &#176;C) during surgical procedure.</li>
	<li>Drape the pig with four towels drapes placed in an overlying quadrant pattern around the abdomen. Place the first drape across xiphisternum, the second drape along lateral aspect of the abdomen approximately 5 cm lateral to the abdominal midline. Place the third drape across the ileal crest of the pelvis and the fourth drape, like the second drape (although on the opposite side), is placed along the lateral aspect of the abdomen approximately 5 cm lateral to the abdominal midline.</li>
	<li>Place a large table drape, with a slit-opening allowing access to the surgical site, over the underlying towel drapes and cover the pig and entire surgical table. The final drape is a disposable steri-drape placed over the large table drape.</li>
</ol>
2. Abdominal Surgery and Catheterization of the Intestinal Lymphatic Trunk
<ol>
	<li>Make a 20 cm skin incision with a scalpel blade to expose the underlying abdominal muscles. Incise the abdominal muscle layers with mono-polar electrocautery (20 Watts setting) to expose the parietal peritoneum. Open a 20 cm linear segment of parietal peritoneum with Metzenbaum scissors to access the abdominal viscera and lymphatic vessel.</li>
	<li>Place a retractor at the cranial aspect of the surgical incision to keep the abdominal cavity open for the duration of the surgery.</li>
	<li>Moisten all tissues with warm (37 &#176;C) sterile saline for the entire surgical procedure. Gently lift a large segment of intestine including the colon, cecum, ileum and jejunum from the abdominal cavity and exteriorize it to the left flank of the pig to access the upper abdomen, liver and lymphatic vessel. Secure the exteriorized intestine in position with additional towel drapes to form a sling to gently support the intestine.</li>
	<li>Locate the lymphatic vessel, it lays approximately 4 cm cranial-medial of the right renal vein, 6 cm caudal-medial- ventral of the caval foremen and underneath the visceral aspect of the right liver lobe near the pancreas22,36,37. Identify the lymphatic vessel as a translucent structure juxtaposed to the right ventral segment of the portal vein36,37.</li>
	<li>Separate the lymphatic vessel from the surrounding fascia by gently teasing away the attached tissue with Q-tip applicators. Once the lateral aspects of vessel are separated from the surrounding tissue, create a &#34;tunnel&#34; opening underneath the vessel with fine blunt tipped forceps.</li>
	<li>Pass three 2-0 silk sutures underneath the lymphatic vessel with fine forceps. Ligate the most caudal suture first to occlude, dilate and fill the vessel with lymph. Purposefully leave the ends of this suture relatively long (4 cm) to secure the catheter to the lymphatic vessel. Place two other sutures separated 1.0 cm from each other and are approximately 1.0-1.5 cm cranial to the secured caudal suture. Leave these two sutures with a &#39;single loose ligature tie&#39; to allow for faster securing of the catheter into the vessel. 
	Note: The segment of the lymphatic vessel located between the most caudal ligating suture and middle suture (of the two cranial sutures) is the site for catheterization. Regarding suture material, 2-0 polyglactin suture can substitute for 2-0 silk sutures if required.</li>
	<li>Cut a small hole into the vessel with iris scissors and dilate the vessel with fine blunt forceps. Insert approximately 1.0-1.5 cm of specialized catheter tubing (4.06 Outer Diameter (OD) X 2.31 mm ID) with a beveled end into the vessel and tie the two cranial sutures to secure the catheter in place. Use the long suture ends of the caudal suture to secure the catheter to the vessel.</li>
	<li>Wash the exteriorized intestine with copious amounts of warm saline and gently return it to the abdominal cavity ensuring correct anatomical positioning of the gut.</li>
	<li>Exteriorize the catheter at the left mid flank (5-10 cm ventrally from the paralumbar fossa). Make a skin incision with a scalpel and pass a trocar from the abdominal cavity to the skin surface to create an opening for the exteriorization of the catheter. Use a large Kelly forceps to exteriorize the catheter from the abdominal cavity through the trocar opening.</li>
	<li>Close the parietal peritoneum with a simple continuous suture pattern of 2-0 polyglactin suture with a round (tapered) needle. Close the abdominal muscle layers with a simple interrupted suture pattern with a 2-0 polyglactin suture on a round needle.</li>
	<li>Close the skin in a subcuticular pattern with 2-0 polyglactin suture on a cutting needle. Secure the exteriorized catheter to the skin with a purse-string suture pattern and a 2-0 nylon suture on a cutting needle.</li>
	<li>Place a specialized jacket on the pig while still anesthetized to ease its placement and reduce the stress of the pig during recovery.</li>
</ol>
3. Post-surgical Recovery and Lymph Collection
<ol>
	<li>Approximately 10 min prior to the discontinuation of inhalation anesthesia, administer bupenorphine (0.1 mg/kg) intramuscularly to provide immediate post-surgery analgesia. Continue bupenorphine (0.1 mg/kg) every 12 hr for 24-48 hr to maintain post-surgery analgesia.</li>
	<li>Monitor the pigs for post-surgical complications every 8-12 hr for a 7 day period.</li>
	<li>Collect the lymph in 500 ml polypropylene wash bottles, coated with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and supplemented with antibiotics; penicillin (6,000 IU), streptomycin (6 mg) and amphotericin B (3 mg) every 12 hr for a 7 day period.</li>
</ol>
4. Quantification of Lipoprotein ApoB48, Triglyceride, Cholesterol and Total Protein Collected from Lymph
<ol>
	<li>Centrifuge the lymph sample at 1,800 x g for 5 min at 4 &#176;C. Collect the supernatant and use it for the quantification of triglyceride, cholesterol and total protein.</li>
	<li>Divide the supernatant into three samples: an undiluted sample, a sample diluted 1:20 distilled water and a final sample diluted 1:100 with distilled water.</li>
	<li>Use the undiluted supernatant to measure cholesterol levels, with a commercially available kit.</li>
	<li>Use the 1:20 and 1:100 diluted samples to measure triglyceride and total protein levels with a commercially available kit and the bicinchoninic acid-total protein assay respectively.</li>
</ol>
5. Quantification of Lipoprotein ApoB48, Collected from Lymph38
<ol>
	<li>Determine the concentration of lipoprotein ApoB48 with an adapted immune Western Blotting method38. Separate total lymph with 3-8% tris-acetate- sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).</li>
	<li>Transfer the separated proteins to a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (0.45 &#181;m) and incubate them with a goat polyclonal antibody to ApoB (1:4,000), then bind it with an anti-goat secondary antibody.</li>
	<li>Quantify the lipoprotein ApoB48 with chemiluminescence using a linear densitometric comparison with purified rodent ApoB48 protein standard.</li>
</ol>

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<li>Saar, L. I., Getty, R. Lymphatic system. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=author%3aSaar%2C+LI+%22Sisson+and+Grossman%27s%3A+The+anatomy+of+domestic+animals%22">Sisson and Grossman's: The anatomy of domestic animals</a>. 2, W. B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia PA. 1343-1358 (1975).</li>
<li>Zanchet, D. J., de Souza Montero, E. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Pig+liver+sectorization+and+segmentation+and+virtual+reality+depiction%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Acta.+Cirurgica.+Basilera%22%5BJournal%5D)">Pig liver sectorization and segmentation and virtual reality depiction.</a> Acta. Cirurgica. Basilera. 17 (6), 382-387 (2002).</li>
<li>Vine, D. F., Takechi, R., Russell, J. C., Proctor, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Impaired+postprandial+apolipoprotein-B48+metabolism+in+the+obese%2C+insulin-resistant+JCR%3ALA-cp+rat%3A+increased+atherogenicity+for+the+metabolic+syndrome%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Atherosclerosis%22%5BJournal%5D)">Impaired postprandial apolipoprotein-B48 metabolism in the obese, insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rat: increased atherogenicity for the metabolic syndrome.</a> Atherosclerosis. 190 (2), 282-290 (2007).</li>
<li>Li, W. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Biomechanical+properties+of+ascending+aorta+and+pulmonary+trunk+in+pigs+and+humans%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Xenotransplantation%22%5BJournal%5D)">Biomechanical properties of ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk in pigs and humans.</a> Xenotransplantation. 15 (6), 384-389 (2008).</li>
<li>Arkill, K. P., Moger, J., Winlove, C. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+structure+and+mechanical+properties+of+collecting+lymphatic+vessels%3A+an+investigation+using+multimodal+nonlinear+microscopy%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Anat%22%5BJournal%5D)">The structure and mechanical properties of collecting lymphatic vessels: an investigation using multimodal nonlinear microscopy.</a> J. Anat. 216 (5), 547-555 (2010).</li>
<li>Uwiera, R. R. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Plasmid+DNA+induces+increased+lymphocyte+trafficking%3A+a+specific+role+for+CpG+motifs%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cell.+Immunol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Plasmid DNA induces increased lymphocyte trafficking: a specific role for CpG motifs.</a> Cell. Immunol. 214 (2), 155-164 (2001).</li>
<li>Black, D. D., Davidson, N. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Intestinal+apolipoprotein+synthesis+and+secretion+in+the+suckling+pig%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Lipid+Res%22%5BJournal%5D)">Intestinal apolipoprotein synthesis and secretion in the suckling pig.</a> J. Lipid Res. 30 (2), 207-218 (1989).</li>
<li>Heider, J. G., Pickens, C. E., Lawrence, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Role+of+acyl+CoA%3Acholesterol+acyltransferase+in+cholesterol+absorption+and+its+inhibition+by+57-118+in+the+rabbit%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Lipid+Res%22%5BJournal%5D)">Role of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in cholesterol absorption and its inhibition by 57-118 in the rabbit.</a> J. Lipid Res. 24, 1127-1134 (1983).</li>
<li>Noh, S. K., Koo, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Milk+sphingomyelin+is+more+effective+than+egg+sphingomyelin+in+inhibiting+intestinal+absorption+of+cholesterol+and+fat+in+rats%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Nutr%22%5BJournal%5D)">Milk sphingomyelin is more effective than egg sphingomyelin in inhibiting intestinal absorption of cholesterol and fat in rats.</a> J. Nutr. 134, 2611-2616 (2004).</li>
<li>Brunham, L. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Intestinal+ABCA1+directly+contributes+to+HDL+biogenesis+in+vivo%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Clin.+Invest%22%5BJournal%5D)">Intestinal ABCA1 directly contributes to HDL biogenesis in vivo.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 116 (4), 1052-1062 (2006).</li>
</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Collecting intestinal lymph is an excellent method to investigate mechanisms involved in lipid8-12 and drug13-15 metabolism, cancer metastasis16,17, cell trafficking and immune function18-26, in various experimental animal models. Indeed, the ability to harvest large quantities of either peripheral (afferent) and central (efferent and large trunk vessels) lymph over an extended period has been particularly important for understanding temporal changes that occur in cell populati...

The lymphatic system is an understudied area of physiology. Preclinical models of lymphatic catheterization occur in different animal species1-8 and are used by pharmaceutical industries and research institutions to investigate mechanisms involved in lipid8-12 and drug metabolism13-15, cancer metastasis16 with experimental treatment17, and immune function18-26. This study explores the use of intestinal lymph trunk catheterization in a domestic pig model to measure components of lipoprotein metabolism. Lipoprotein metabolism is involved in the production and secretion of chylomicrons, as well as changes in associated lipids and total protein. These are important considerations as there are major differences in lipid metabolism between commonly used rodent models and humans and as such, employing swine models to collect intestinal lymph could provide more comparable information for studying lipid metabolism in people27-31.
Several surgical techniques are used to collect the intestinal lymph in large animal species: a cranial shoulder approach (i.e., thoracic duct catheterization)5, a lateral upper flank approach32-34, and a ventral midline or paramedian approach22,35. This video describes in detail the surgical procedure in swine using a ventral midline surgical approach for the catheterization of the intestinal lymph trunk. Careful surgical technique permits this method of lymphatic catheterization to collect large quantities of lymph and its constituents over extended periods of time.
This technique opens a myriad of applications to many disciplines examining various physiologic functions. Applications could include, but are not limited to, whole body lipoprotein and lipid metabolism, immunosurveillance, tumor genesis and metastasis, intestinal function, and the development and progression of intestinal inflammatory disease.

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long-term catheterization of the intestinal lymph trunk and collection of lymph in neonatal pigs

Long-Term Catheterization of the Intestinal Lymph Trunk and Collection of Lymph in Neonatal Pigs

Catheterization of the intestinal lymph trunk in neonatal pigs is a technique allowing for the long-term collection of large quantities of intestinal (central) efferent lymph. Importantly, the collection of central lymph from the intestine enables researchers to study both the mechanisms and lipid constitutes associated with lipid metabolism, intestinal inflammation and cancer metastasis, as well as cells involved in immune function and immunosurveillance. A ventral mid-line surgical approach permits excellent surgical exposure to the cranial abdomen and relatively easy access to the intestinal lymph trunk vessel that lies near the pancreas and the right ventral segment of the portal vein underneath the visceral aspect of the right liver lobe. The vessel is meticulously dissected and released from the surrounding fascia and then dilated with sutures allowing for insertion and subsequent securing of the catheter into the vessel. The catheter is exteriorized and approximately 1 L/24 hr of lymph is collected over a 7 day period. While this technique enables the collection of large quantities of central lymph over an extended period of time, the success depends on careful surgical dissection, tissue handling and close attention to proper surgical technique. This is particularly important with surgeries in young animals as the lymph vessels can easily tear, potentially leading to surgical and experimental failure. The video demonstrates an excellent surgical technique for the collection of intestinal lymph.

Lymphatic catheterization of the intestinal lymphatic trunk of neonatal pigs allows collection of approximately 1 L/24 hr of central lymph over a 7 day period. The lymph collected in this experiments contained components of lipid metabolism, namely total lymph protein, ApoB48 lipoprotein, triglycerides, total protein, and cholesterol. Table 1 highlights representative amounts of these lipid components from pooled lymph samples of three pigs. Notably, lymph flow and lipid constituents are ...

We present a surgical procedure to catheterize the intestinal lymph trunk in neonatal pigs to collect large quantities of lipid metabolism components from efferent lymph.

Catheterization of the intestinal lymph trunk in neonatal pigs is a technique allowing for the long-term collection of large quantities of intestinal ...

Lymphatic catheterization is an important technique used to investigate mechanisms involved in lipid and drug metabolism, cancer metastasis, and immune function and collecting large quantities of lymph from various animal models enables researchers to study these processes. The video demonstrates in detail the surgical procedure employed to catheterize the intestinal lymphatic trunk in neonatal pigs using a ventral mid-line approach. All procedures were approved by the University of Alberta Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.To access the lymphatic vessel the abdominal cavity was opened. Electrocautery on the cut setting was used to open the muscle layer. A retractor was placed to hold the abdominal wall open for the duration of the procedure.Key abdominal organs are identified to aid in localizing the lymphatic vessel. For improved access to the lymphatic vessel segments of the small intestine and colon are exteriorized to the left side of the body. The lymphatic vessel is landmarked by identifying the liver and the right ventral segment of the portal vein.In neonatal pigs the lymphatic vessels are delicate and easily torn, so meticulous dissection with swabs and blunt instruments is required. Here is the intestinal lymphatic vessel. Now the suture is being passed underneath the lymphatic vessel with blunt forceps.Now there are three 2-0 silk sutures passed underneath the lymphatic vessel. The caudal most suture is used to dilate the vessel and secure the catheter to the vessel. The cranial sutures are used to secure the catheter within the vessel.A small incision in the lymphatic vessel allows blunt forceps to dilate the vessel. The catheter is inserted into the vessel. This must be done gently to ensure the lymphatic vessel does not tear.The catheter needs to be advanced beyond the cranial most suture to ensure it is well seated. The three 2-0 silk sutures secure the catheter into the lymphatic vessel. Importantly the two cranial sutures are first used to secure the catheter into the vessel and the caudal most suture is then used to tether the catheter, adding stability.It is important to ensure there is good lymph flow prior to closing the abdominal cavity. The catheter is exteriorized on the left mid-flank of the pig. Large forceps are used to pull the catheter from the abdominal cavity to the external surface of the pig's flank.The muscle layers are closed with 2-0 vicryl suture on a tapered needle in a simple interrupted suture pattern. The skin is closed with 2-0 vicryl suture on a cutting needle in a running subcuticular suture pattern. With the exit incision the catheter passes through the skin and is closed with 2-0 nylon suture on a cutting needle in a purse-string suture pattern.This closure helps prevent ascending infections tracking inwards along the catheter. The jacket holding the lymph collection bottles is placed on the pig while the pig is still under anesthesia. The catheter is inserted into the collection bottle and good lymph flow is assured prior to waking the pig.The pigs recover well from the procedure and excellent lymph flow is maintained throughout the experiment. The table displays the components of lymph collected from the lymphatic vessel. These components include Apolipoprotein B48, Triglycerides, and Cholesterol.The figure of the Western Blot shows the presence of both Apolipoprotein B48 and small amounts of plasma-derived Apolipoprotein B100 within the collected lymph sample. Although lymphatic catheterization in young pigs can be technically challenging, as the lymphatic vessels are both delicate and friable, this video demonstrates that using proper and careful surgical technique in young pigs can provide researchers with an excellent model for collecting intestinal lymph.

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

We describe a novel surgical method for catheterizing 'intestinal loops' within the ileum of sheep. Once animals have recovered from surgery and have cleared antibiotics and analgesics, multiple treatments can be deposited directly in loops via the catheters.

Catheterization of Intestinal Loops in Ruminants

We introduce an approach to evaluate the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in isolated lymphatics to study Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-sensitizing mechanisms of lymphatic smooth muscle contraction.

Measurement of Cytosolic Ca2+ in Isolated Contractile Lymphatics

This video demonstrates a technique to cannulate the mesenteric lymph duct in rats. This method enables direct access to the entire volume of components present in the lymph fluid.

Mesenteric Lymph Duct Cannulation in a Rat Model to Harvest Lymph Fluid

Here we describe a technique to cannulate the mesenteric lymph duct in rats which enables quantification of lipid and drug transport via the lymphatic system following intestinal delivery. The technique can be adapted to assess mesenteric lymph concentrations and/or transport of fluid, immune cells, peptides, proteins and lipophilic molecules.

The Mesenteric Lymph Duct Cannulated Rat Model: Application to the Assessment of Intestinal Lymphatic Drug Transport

Here, we describe a precise method for collecting thoracic duct lymphocytes and observing the migration of gut-tropic lymphocytes in rat Peyer’s patches for 3 hours using time-lapse photography. This technique can clarify how the dynamics of lymphocytes are affected under inflammatory conditions.

Microscopic Observation of Lymphocyte Dynamics in Rat Peyer's Patches

A reliable and reproducible approach for the insertion and maintenance of a tunneled Hickman catheter for long-term vascular access in swine is described. Placement of a central venous catheter allows for convenient daily sampling of whole blood from awake animals and intravenous administration of medication and fluids.

Hickman Catheter Use for Long-Term Vascular Access in a Preclinical Swine Model

This protocol describes the development of a neonatal piglet model of acute lung injury that models early pathogenic events occurring in the preterm lung, including sub-adequate surfactant quantity, hyperoxia, high-pressure ventilation, and inflammation, to facilitate understanding of molecular triggers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and enhance therapeutic translation.

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

This protocol describes a survival procedure for safe and well-tolerated murine mesenteric lymphadenectomyat each of four stations along the mesenteric lymph node chain. This procedure is adaptable to allow for selective disruption of lymphatic communication with the distal colon, proximal colon, and/or small intestine.

Murine Mesenteric Lymphadenectomy for Selective Disruption of Lymphatic Communication with Region-Specific Gut

This experimental protocol describes a hepatic lymph duct-cannulated rat model that enables direct and quantitative assessment of hepatic lymphatic and vascular drainage. The model allows simultaneous sampling of hepatic lymph and systemic blood to investigate hepatic transport, metabolism, and immune signaling, supporting studies of drug pharmacokinetics and liver-specific biology.

A Comprehensive Rat Model For Assessing Hepatic Transport Pathways Through Simultaneous Lymphatic And Blood Vascular Sampling

Fluorescence imaging is a promising innovative modality for image-guided surgery in surgical oncology. In this video we describe the technical procedure for detection of the sentinel lymph node using fluorescence imaging as showcased in gynecologic oncologicy. A multispectral fluorescence camera system, together with the fluorescent agent indocyanine green, is applied.

Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology

Learn surgical catheterization of the intestinal lymph trunk in neonatal pigs using a ventral mid-line approach. This technique enables reliable collection of lymph for studying lipid metabolism and drug absorption in vivo.

Long-Term Catheterization of the Intestinal Lymph Trunk and Collection of Lymph in Neonatal Pigs

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