Name: Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice (Video) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2018-07-02T13:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 28 s
Description: Learn real-time pressure-volume analysis for acute myocardial infarction in mice using LV catheterization. This method enables advanced hemodynamic characterization during ischemia and reperfusion.

ai_agent_IP

ai_agent

maintenance

instantTrialDurationMinutes

isBiopharma

enableNewMyJoveSectionDesign

educationFeatures

seoMetaApi

ai_copilot_institution_blacklist

ai_chat_institution_blacklist

freeAccessWindow

ssoRoleCapture

scheduledMaintenanceBanner

joveLabsFeatures

disable_autoplay_for_bots

extended_trial_duration

5 minutes

playerTrialDesktop

The authors acknowledge the following funding sources: Else Kr&#246;ner-Fresenius-Stiftung (Tienush Rassaf); Hans und Gertie Fischer Stiftung (Tienush Rassaf), grant from the medical faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (Tienush Rassaf, Lars Michel); Ernst- und Berta Grimmke-Stiftung (Christos Rammos).

All experiments were completed in accordance and compliance with all relevant regulations&#160;(&#8216;European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes&#8217; (Directive 2010/63/EU) and animal care was in accordance with institutional guidelines. All experiments have been performed with male C57BL/6JRj mice at the age of 6 months.
1. Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare a surgical microscope and a heating pad as well as a rectal probe to monitor the body temperature. Clean and sterilize all surgical instruments.</li>
	<li>Prepare 2 pieces of 10 cm 5-0 silk thread for vessel ligation, 5 cm of 6-0 polypropylene thread, and 2 mm silicon tube for ligation of the LCA.</li>
	<li>Prepare the PV catheter calibration cuvette by pre-heating it to 37 &#176;C and prepare a 100 &#181;L Hamilton syringe filled with 15% sodium chloride (NaCl) in H2O for saline calibration.</li>
	<li>Place the PV catheter (3 cm, 1.4 F) in 37 &#176;C pre-heated 0.9% NaCl in H2O (saline) at least 30 min before measurement. Connect the catheter to the data acquisition device and connect the device to an analog/digital converter. Connect both devices to a computer.</li>
	<li>Set up the software. Perform software-guided pressure calibration and conductance calibration as demanded by the software-guided workflow8.</li>
</ol>
2. Anesthesia and Analgesia
<ol>
	<li>Anesthetize the mouse using ketamine 100 mg/kg body weight and xylazine hydrochloride 10 mg/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection. At the beginning of I/R surgery, administer 0.05 mg/kg body weight buprenorphine intraperitoneally to maintain analgesia.</li>
	<li>After 10 min, perform an endotracheal intubation using a 20 G intravenous (iv) catheter and ventilate the mouse with 40% oxygen (O2) and 2% (v) isoflurane. Set appropriate ventilation parameters (e.g., 220 &#181;L stroke volume, 150/min for a 25 - 30 g C57BL/6JRj mouse).</li>
	<li>Continuously monitor body temperature via rectal probe. Fasten mouse on the heated plate with the head pointing towards the investigator.&#160;Mouse normal body temperature is 36.5 - 38 &#176;C. Maintain body temperature within 1 degree by adjustment of heated plate temperature.</li>
</ol>
3. Left Ventricular Catheterization
<ol>
	<li>Disinfect chest and neck&#160;with three alternating scrubs of betadine and 70% alcohol.&#160; Wait for skin disinfectant to dry.&#160;Remove the chest hair by using a small animal shaving system.&#160;</li>
	<li>Perform a 10 mm longitudinal median incision 5 mm beneath the bottom lip towards the sternum using small surgical scissors.</li>
	<li>Dissect the left and right part of the submandibular gland via blunt preparation using a forceps. Separate muscle and fat tissue in the right paratracheal region to expose the right commune carotid artery. Mobilize and separate the vessel for a total length of 5 - 10 mm from connective tissue via careful blunt preparation alongside the vessel with a bent forceps. 
	NOTE: Avoid mechanical manipulation of the vagus nerve or the carotid body at all time as this can cause severe hypotension and bradycardia.</li>
	<li>Pass the two prepared silk threads under the vessel. Ligate the distal vessel with a tight knot and place a loose knot on the proximal exposed region that still allows passage of the catheter.</li>
	<li>Fix the threads of the cranial (tight) knot next to the head of the mice to apply a light tension on the vessel as this will facilitate the introduction of the catheter. Place a hemostat vascular clamp on the proximal vessel proximal of the loose knot to reversibly block blood flow.</li>
	<li>Perform a wedge-shaped incision 1 mm proximal to the cranial knot to open the vessel with micro scissors. 
	NOTE: A small drop of blood will indicate proper execution of this step.</li>
	<li>Insert the catheter carefully for 10 mm. Start recording of catheter data. 
	NOTE: Stretching the incision with a forceps can make this process easier.</li>
	<li>Extract the vascular clamp. Add 1 - 2 drops of saline to the incision to facilitate catheter movement. Continue introducing the catheter for approximately another 10 mm. After passing the proximal knot with the sensor tip, fasten the knot carefully just enough to prevent blood reflux alongside the thinner parts of the catheter without impairing catheter movement. 
	NOTE: The size of the sensor at the tip of the catheter prevents reflux of blood when extracting the vascular clamp.</li>
	<li>Gently continue inserting the catheter until pressure analysis shows arterial blood pressure profile indicating that the catheter is placed in the aorta (Figure 3A). 
	NOTE: The catheter reaching the aortic valve will be indicated by light resistance and pulse-synchronized motion of the catheter.</li>
	<li>When experiencing resistance trying to advance through the aortic valve, pull the catheter back 5 mm and advance again until LV catheterization will be indicated in a change in PV analysis as diastolic pressure will reach 0 - 20 mmHg (Figure 3B). Note changes in volume monitoring to further confirm left ventricular placement of the sensor tip (Figure 3C). Fasten the proximal knot more tightly to prevent catheter movement.</li>
</ol>
4. Ischemia/Reperfusion Surgery
<ol>
	<li>Perform skin incision from caudal sternum towards the left axilla for a total length of 15 mm. Proceed with blunt preparation of the two muscle layers until the ribs can be visualized.</li>
	<li>Open the thorax via incision between the third and fourth left rib. Use surgical hooks to gain access to the pericardium. Resect the pericardium above the heart. Before continuing with LCA ligation, wait 30 s without touching the animal to record PV data for valid analysis.</li>
	<li>Localize the LCA emerging under the left auricle and descending at the left side of the heart towards the apex. Use a 6-0 polypropylene suture to encircle the artery with a loop 2 mm underneath the left auricle. Place a small silicon tube under the loop and place a tight knot above. 
	NOTE: Distal myocardium turning grey serves as positive control for LCA occlusion6. I/R surgery should be performed within 5 min independently from the operating investigator.</li>
	<li>Cut the suture at 1 mm length. Release the surgical hooks and manually close the muscle layers above the incision. Wait 45 min while continuously recording PV data.</li>
	<li>After 45 min, re-open the incision and remove the silicon tube to induce reperfusion. Record data for another 20 min. 
	NOTE: A change to a red color as seen before ischemia indicates successful reperfusion.</li>
</ol>
5. Calibration
NOTE: The calibration of the PV catheter system consists of 4 mandatory steps, two of which have to be performed after the measurement. Calibration should be repeated after every experiment to ensure valid results.
<ol>
	<li>Perform pressure calibration and conductance calibration before the experiment as described in Step 1.5.</li>
	<li>Perform saline calibration when the catheter is still placed in the left ventricle after the experiment itself is finished. Localize the right jugular vein lateral of the carotid artery in the prepared area. Inject 10 &#181;L 25% NaCl in H2O via a Hamilton syringe while recording data.</li>
	<li>Calculate the calibration using the acquisition software by highlighting the ascending phase in volume curve (Figure 5C). Repeat this process for a total of 3 times. Avoid loss of blood after syringe extraction by using a vascular clamp to rapidly compress the puncture.</li>
	<li>Perform volume calibration to calibrate volume data acquisition by analysis of standardized volumes. Obtain approximately 500 &#181;L mouse blood from cardiac puncture with a slightly heparinized 1 mL syringe (e.g., 5 &#181;L per 200 IE heparin). Pull back the PV catheter 10 - 15 mm to avoid damaging the catheter.</li>
	<li>Fill the obtained blood into the 37 &#176;C pre-heated calibration cuvette (Figure 5A). Avoid bubbles as it may interfere with the results. Add the catheter tip into each well and record data. Obtain a standard curve by software-guided analysis (Figure 5B). Repeat the process for a total of 3 times.</li>
	<li>Euthanize mice by exsanguination or cervical dislocation while sufficient isoflurane anesthesia is maintained at all time.</li>
</ol>
6. Data Analysis
<ol>
	<li>After completing the calibration steps, perform software-guided data analysis. Therefore, highlight the appropriate section (at least ten cycles) within the Analyze section of the PV Workflow and perform baseline analysis. Exclude cycles with deviations due to ventilation or manipulation if necessary (Figure 3D).</li>
	<li>Perform PV baseline analysis before passage of the aortic valve (arterial pressure only), immediately before and after LCA occlusion. Proceed by conducting PV baseline analysis and in intervals of 5 min. while ischemia and after reperfusion. At the end of the experiment, perform analysis of pressure data after retraction of the catheter from the left ventricle (arterial pressure).</li>
	<li>Analyze at least 10 consecutive cycles to avoid sampling error. When experiencing strong interference of obtained values with the ventilation, transient interruption of the ventilation for a maximum of 5 s can be considered.</li>
	<li>Use the following parameters that are calculated in Baseline Analysis (Figure 3D) to characterize LV function:
	<ol>
		<li>Stroke volume (&#181;L)</li>
		<li>Ejection fraction: Stroke volume / end-diastolic volume (%)</li>
		<li>Cardiac output: Stroke volume * heart rate (&#181;L/min)</li>
		<li>Cardiac index: Cardiac output / body surface area (&#181;L/(min*cm&#178;)</li>
		<li>Stroke work: Inner area of PV curve (mmHg*&#181;L)</li>
		<li>Maximum pressure (Pmax); Mean pressure (Pmean)</li>
		<li>max dP/dt (mmHg/s) as a parameter of LV systolic function</li>
		<li>min dP/dt (mmHg/s) as a parameter for LV compliance</li>
		<li>Time constant of isovolumetric relaxation: Tau (ms)</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol><li>Sanchis-Gomar, F., Perez-Quilis, C., Leischik, R., Lucia, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Epidemiology+of+coronary+heart+disease+and+acute+coronary+syndrome%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Annals+of+Translational+Medicine%22%5BJournal%5D)">Epidemiology of coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome.</a> Annals of Translational Medicine. 4 (13), 256(2016).</li>
<li>Anderson, J. L., Morrow, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1606915">Acute Myocardial Infarction.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 376 (21), 2053-2064 (2017).</li>
<li>McNamara, R. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Predicting+in-hospital+mortality+in+patients+with+acute+myocardial+infarction%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Cardiology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction.</a> Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 68 (6), 626-635 (2016).</li>
<li>Kurian, G. A., Rajagopal, R., Vedantham, S., Rajesh, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+Role+of+Oxidative+Stress+in+Myocardial+Ischemia+and+Reperfusion+Injury+and+Remodeling%3A+Revisited%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Oxidative+Medicine+and+Cellular+Longevity%22%5BJournal%5D)">The Role of Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury and Remodeling: Revisited.</a> Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. , (2016).</li>
<li>Turer, A. T., Hill, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Pathogenesis+of+myocardial+ischemia-reperfusion+injury+and+rationale+for+therapy%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22American+Journal+of+Cardiology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and rationale for therapy.</a> American Journal of Cardiology. 106 (3), 360-368 (2010).</li>
<li>Totzeck, M., Hendgen-Cotta, U. B., French, B. A., Rassaf, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+practical+approach+to+remote+ischemic+preconditioning+and+ischemic+preconditioning+against+myocardial+ischemia%2Freperfusion+injury%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Biological+Methods%22%5BJournal%5D)">A practical approach to remote ischemic preconditioning and ischemic preconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.</a> Journal of Biological Methods. 3 (4), (2016).</li>
<li>Respress, J. L., Wehrens, X. H. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3144600/">Transthoracic echocardiography in mice.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (39), (2010).</li>
<li>Pacher, P., Nagayama, T., Mukhopadhyay, P., Batkai, S., Kass, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Measurement+of+cardiac+function+using+pressure-volume+conductance+catheter+technique+in+mice+and+rats%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature+Protocols%22%5BJournal%5D)">Measurement of cardiac function using pressure-volume conductance catheter technique in mice and rats.</a> Nature Protocols. 3 (9), 1422-1434 (2008).</li>
<li>Zhang, B., Davis, J. P., Ziolo, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Cardiac+catheterization+in+mice+to+measure+the+pressure+volume+relationship%3A+Investigating+the+Bowditch+effect%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Visualized+Experiments%22%5BJournal%5D)">Cardiac catheterization in mice to measure the pressure volume relationship: Investigating the Bowditch effect.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (100), e52618(2015).</li>
<li>Rossello, X., Hall, A. R., Bell, R. M., Yellon, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Characterization+of+the+Langendorff+perfused+isolated+mouse+heart+model+of+global+ischemia-reperfusion+injury%3A+Impact+of+ischemia+and+reperfusion+length+on+infarct+size+and+LDH+release%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Cardiovascular+Pharmacology+and+Therapeutics%22%5BJournal%5D)">Characterization of the Langendorff perfused isolated mouse heart model of global ischemia-reperfusion injury: Impact of ischemia and reperfusion length on infarct size and LDH release.</a> Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 21 (3), 286-295 (2016).</li>
<li>Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((ESC+Guidelines+for+the+management+of+acute+myocardial+infarction+in+patients+presenting+with+ST-segment+elevation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22European+Heart+Journal%22%5BJournal%5D)">ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation.</a> European Heart Journal. 33 (20), 2569-2619 (2012).</li>
<li>Shigemitsu, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Acute+myocardial+infarction+due+to+left+main+coronary+artery+occlusion.+Therapeutic+strategy%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Japanese+Journal+of+Thoracic+and+Cardiovascular+Surgery%22%5BJournal%5D)">Acute myocardial infarction due to left main coronary artery occlusion. Therapeutic strategy.</a> Japanese Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 50 (4), 146-151 (2002).</li>
</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

PV monitoring of LV hemodynamics in acute myocardial infarction serves as a novel method for real-time in vivo assessment of cardiogenic shock and impaired LV function in I/R injury. PV catheterization can provide a broad spectrum of parameters with regard to LV systolic and diastolic function. In addition to the LV volumetric parameters typically obtained by echocardiography or MRI (chamber volumes, EF, stroke volume, and cardiac output), PV analysis yields a more complete profile of LV function by simultaneous...

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in western civilization1. Acute myocardial infarction is a critical event, which is associated with high acute and chronic mortality2. Even if revascularization is achieved via emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), mortality remains high, particularly within the first 48 h after onset of symptoms in patients with acute myocardial infarction3. Cardiogenic shock caused by acute reduction in left ventricular (LV) function is a major cause for in-hospital mortality in these patients3. This early reduction in LV function is caused by myocardial damage following ischemia and reperfusion. This so-called ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is mediated by changes in cellular metabolome such as exaggerated generation of reactive oxygen species4,5.
To explore possible protective mechanisms leading to a decrease in myocardial damage in a preclinical setting, reliable mouse models are essential including methods for evaluation of post-I/R LV function6. In this setting, transthoracic echocardiography7 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)6 are widely used for functional phenotyping8,9. However, these methods are not suitable for the assessment of severe LV dysfunction and cardiogenic shock in an ongoing acute myocardial infarction and cannot directly show data on LV pressure. The Langendorff apparatus using isolated heart in an ex vivo assay provides information about the underlying pathomechanisms of early-phase I/R injury10. This method is limited due to its inability to reproduce in vivo adaptive mechanisms such as regulation of the autonomous nervous system or hormonal regulation and acid-base homeostasis. There is currently no method available for a complete functional phenotyping of cardiogenic shock and left ventricular dysfunction during an ongoing myocardial I/R injury.
A synchronized approach with combination of pressure-volume (PV) catheterization and transient surgical left main coronary artery (LCA) occlusion could be beneficial but technically challenging. Stable extracardiac hemodynamics during I/R injury are essential for valid results since unstable anesthesia or blood loss could heavily influence the results. A novel approach for hemodynamic phenotyping of I/R injury via LV PV catheterization and transient LCA occlusion could bring new insights on cardiogenic shock and LV dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction and serve as a method for future analysis on cardioprotection.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Betaisodona Loesung</td><td>Mundipharma</td><td>4162-1606/89x30mm</td><td>Povidon-Iod</td></tr><tr><td>Calibration cuvette</td><td>Millar instruments</td><td>910-1049</td><td>Calibration cuvette</td></tr><tr><td>Contura professional hair trimmer</td><td>Wella</td><td>HS-60</td><td>Small animal shaving system</td></tr><tr><td>Eclipse Needle 27G</td><td>BD</td><td>REF 305770</td><td>27G needle</td></tr><tr><td>Forceps</td><td>FST</td><td>11203-25, 11069-08, 11616-15, 11506-12, 11051-10</td><td>Surgical forceps</td></tr><tr><td>Forceps</td><td>Aesculap Braun</td><td>BN731R, BD 311R</td><td>Surgical forceps</td></tr><tr><td>Foris FS2434</td><td>Eizo</td><td>0FTD2033</td><td>Monitor</td></tr><tr><td>Hamilton Syringe 100 &amp;micro;l needle</td><td>Hamilton</td><td>80621</td><td>100&amp;micro;l syringe with needle</td></tr><tr><td>Heated Small animal OP table</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>15001</td><td>Heated OP table</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin-Natrium 25000</td><td>Ratiopharm</td><td>N68542.04</td><td>Heparin</td></tr><tr><td>Ketamin 10% 100 mg/ml</td><td>bela-pharm</td><td>FS1670041</td><td>Ketamin</td></tr><tr><td>Labchart Pro 8 + Pro modules</td><td>AD Instruments</td><td>MLS260/8</td><td>PV data analysis software</td></tr><tr><td>LAS EZ</td><td>Leica</td><td>LAS EZ</td><td>Microscope camera software</td></tr><tr><td>Leica IC80 HD</td><td>Leica</td><td>IC80 HD</td><td>Microscope camera</td></tr><tr><td>Leica M80</td><td>Leica</td><td>M80</td><td>Microscope</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-tip catheter transducer</td><td>Millar instruments</td><td>SPR-839</td><td>PV catheter</td></tr><tr><td>MiniVent</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>845</td><td>ventilation</td></tr><tr><td>MPVS Ultra</td><td>Millar instruments</td><td>PL3508B48/M</td><td>PV catheter data acquisition device</td></tr><tr><td>Octenisept</td><td>Sch&amp;uuml;lke</td><td>20000832-A</td><td>disinfectant</td></tr><tr><td>Plastipak 1ml</td><td>PD</td><td>REF 303172</td><td>1ml syringe</td></tr><tr><td>PowerLab 8/35</td><td>AD Instruments</td><td>PL3508</td><td>analog/digital converter</td></tr><tr><td>Prolene 6-0</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>XNEH7814.P31</td><td>Polypropylene suture</td></tr><tr><td>Retraction Kit</td><td>FST</td><td>18200-20</td><td>retraction of surgical situs</td></tr><tr><td>Seraflex 5-0</td><td>Naila</td><td>IC108000</td><td>silk suture</td></tr><tr><td>Small and micro-scissors</td><td>FST Essen</td><td>14059-11, 15007-08, 14064-11</td><td>Surgical scissors</td></tr><tr><td>Small silicon tube</td><td>Reichelt Chemietechnik</td><td></td><td>tube for LCA occlusion</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium Chloride</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>S7653</td><td>Sodium Chloride</td></tr><tr><td>testo 108</td><td>testo</td><td>5631080</td><td>rectal thermometer</td></tr><tr><td>Thinkcentre desktop computer</td><td>Lenovo</td><td>PC0EJS2V</td><td>Computer</td></tr><tr><td>Vasofix Safety 20G</td><td>Braun</td><td>4269110S-01</td><td>intubation catheter</td></tr><tr><td>Windows 10</td><td>Microsoft</td><td>KW9-00240</td><td>Operating system</td></tr><tr><td>Xylazin 2%</td><td>Ceva</td><td>6324464.00.00</td><td>Xylazine hydrochloride</td></tr></tbody></table>

real-time pressure-volume analysis of acute myocardial infarction in mice

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any potential therapeutic approach directed against acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Current imaging modalities (e.g., echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging) have several limitations since data on LV pressure cannot directly be measured. LV catheterization in mice undergoing coronary artery occlusion could serve as a novel method for a real-time evaluation of LV function.
At the beginning of the procedure, mice were anesthetized followed by endotracheal intubation. For LV catheterization, the right carotid artery was exposed via middle-neck incision. The catheter was introduced and placed into the LV cavity. Left thoracotomy was conducted and the left main coronary artery (LCA) was ligated. To induce reperfusion, the suture was released after 45 min. Pressure-volume data was recorded at all times.
Ligation of the LCA caused a decrease in LV systolic function as evidenced by a 30% reduction in stroke volume, LV ejection fraction (EF), and cardiac output. Maximum dP/dt as a parameter for LV contractility was also significantly reduced and diastolic function was severely impaired (minimum dP/dt -40%). Reperfusion over a period of 20 min did not lead to a complete recovery of LV function.
Real-time pressure-volume analysis served as a valid procedure for monitoring cardiac function during acute myocardial infarction in mice. Maintaining stable anesthesia and a standardized surgical approach was crucial to ensure valid results. As the early phase of acute myocardial infarction is critical for morbidity and mortality, the delineated method could be beneficial for preclinical evaluation of new strategies for cardioprotection.

After LV catheterization, reversible LCA ligation was performed for 45 min followed by 10 min of reperfusion. PV data was recorded at all times (Figure 1).
Correct placement of the PV catheter was confirmed by obtaining the characteristic LV PV graph (Figure 2A). LV catheter placement showed the typical ventricular pressure range with a minimum of 0 - 20 mmHg whereas fa...

Acute myocardial infarction in mice induces acute but incompletely characterized changes in left ventricular (LV) function. LV catheterization in mice undergoing coronary artery occlusion serves as a novel method for a real-time evaluation of LV function.

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any ...

real-time-pressure-volume-analysis-acute-myocardial-infarction

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

We describe how to perform MRI and PET imaging of the mouse heart. The protocol is tailored to assess treatment efficacy in models of myocardial infarction and heart failure.

MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction

We introduce a surgical method to induce experimental ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to simulate myocardial infarction (MI) in mouse models that allows for more clarity in positioning of the ligation on the left anterior descending artery (LAD) to increase the reproducibility of MI experiments in mice.

A Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery

A highly reproducible model for myocardial infarction in mice with minimal invasive manipulations is described. The model can be easily performed, resulting in a high reproducibility and survival rate. Thus, the described model will reduce the number of required animals as requested by the 3R principle (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction).

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization and a major cause of mortality. A model of permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice is applied to investigate ventricular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction post-myocardial infarction. The technique of invasive hemodynamic measurements in mice is presented.

Permanent Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in Mice: A Model of Post-myocardial Infarction Remodelling and Heart Failure

This method outlines the use of Quantum Micro-Computed Tomography (MicroCT) to assess cardiac morphology, function, perfusion, metabolism and viability with iodinated contrast agent in mice with experimentally-induced myocardial ischemia. The technique can be applied for non-destructive high-throughput longitudinal in vivo imaging of various animal models of human heart disease.

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure, Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

Herein we describe a surgical procedure showing how to achieve permanent ligation of the left-anterior descending coronary artery in mice. This model is of high relevance to investigate the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and the concomitant biological processes.

Murine Myocardial Infarction Model using Permanent Ligation of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery

This article demonstrates a model to study cardiac remodeling after myocardial cryoinjury in mice.

A Cryoinjury Model to Study Myocardial Infarction in the Mouse

Under adequate anesthesia, the mouse heart was externalized through the intercostal space, and myocardial infarction was successfully induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery (LAD) using materials readily available in most laboratories.

A Modified Simple Method for Induction of Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Here we describe a simple and reproducible method that can induce myocardial infarction or myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by precision ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery through micromanipulation.

Induction of Myocardial Infarction and Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice

The present protocol describes a modified parasternal long-axis view for swift and precise localization of the left anterior descending artery. This approach is designed to be simpler and more user-friendly while facilitating the examination of dynamic changes in coronary flow reserve following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in mice.

Dynamic Assessments of Coronary Flow Reserve after Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Mice

Learn real-time pressure-volume analysis for acute myocardial infarction in mice using LV catheterization. This method enables advanced hemodynamic characterization during ischemia and reperfusion.

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Explore More Videos