Investigation into Deep Breathing through Measurement of Ventilatory Parameters and Observation of Breathing Patterns
September 16th, 2019
Here, we present a protocol to assess two deep breathing patterns of natural and diaphragmatic breathing for their effectiveness and ease of execution. Fifteen participants were selected, utilizing an electrocardiograph and expired gas analyzer for measurement of the ventilatory parameters, together with visual assessment by video capture of thoracoabdominal movement.
Our protocol is significant as it provides an efficiently breathing method that can be executed independently by the individual. The advantage of this technique is that it can assess continuous and quantitative ventilatory parameters. Compared to other methods, that measure amount of breaths as expiratory.
This technique can be extended toward the instruction of breathing exercise or operating on a patient or in our experience, patients have a difficulty in coordinating chest movement with abdominal expansion during the breathing. Based on the manufacturer's protocol, calibrate the gas analyzer that has integrated components of a pneumatograph and oxygen carbon dioxide concentration meters. Attach a video camera to a tripod at a distance of 1.5 meters from the chair the participant will sit on.
Prepare to record a lateral view of the sitting participant in a range from the top of the cranium to the seat of the chair. Make sure that contrast between the participant and background color is clear. Record the video image at one over 30 seconds per frame which is the standard speed for the video camera used.
Place three electrodes of the skin of the chest in standing, each with a wire to connect to a transmitter that relays to the electrocardiograph. Sit the participant comfortably for five minutes in a chair with a back support at an angle of 70 degrees, and insert a small cushion in the next and/or lumbar region. Explain to the participant deep breathing with a natural breathing pattern of slow and deep breaths, breathing in through the nose and blowing out through the mouth with no consideration or knowledge given on specific movement of the chest.
Ask the participant to take a natural deep breath without any guidance. Observe the participant's thoracoabdominal movement during inspiration and expiration. Now, fit the participant with a sampling mask over the mouth and nose for measurement of the expired gas.
To perform a seal test, close the hole for the sampling tube at the mask with a finger and ask the participant to breath out gently and confirm whether air leaks from the mask. Connect a sampling tub equipped with a gas analyzer to the mask for measurement of the ventilatory parameters. Ask the participant to refrain from talking during the procedure.
Instruct the participant to rest for five minutes and simultaneously begin video capture. Switch on gas analyzer and commence monitoring heart rate. Data from the gas analyzer is shown on the computer.
Heart rate is measured by a telemetry sensor connected to the gas analyzer. After the five minutes rest phase, instruct the participant to begin deep breathing for five minutes with natural breathing pattern. Continue recording and measuring throughout the three rest, deep breathing, and rest phases.
On termination of deep breathing, instruct the participant to rest for five minutes. Perform only one trial for each participant and have a ten minutes intermission phase before proceeding. Save that data on the ventilatory parameters in CSV format.
To begin with the diaphragmatic breathing test, seat the participant in the chair. Explain to the participant deep breathing with the diaphragmatic breathing pattern. Ask the participant to lace his fingers, place them on his abdomen and take a deep breath in through the nose, expanding the abdomen under the hands and then blowing out through the mouth, and gently contracting the abdomen.
Instruct the participant to practice this deep breathing with the diaphragmatic breathing pattern until the investigator is satisfied. Observe that thoracoabdominal expansion takes place during inspiration followed by it's contraction on expiration. Fit the participant with the sampling mask over the mouth and nose for measurement of the expired gas.
Perform as seal test as previously. Connect the sampling tube to the mask for measurement of the ventilatory parameters. Ask the participant to refrain from talking during the measurement.
Instruct the participant to rest for five minutes and simultaneously begin video capture. Switch on gas analyzer and commence monitoring heart rate. After the five minutes rest phase, instruct the participant to begin deep breathING for five minutes with diaphragmatic breathing pattern.
Continue recording and measuring throughout the three rest, deep breathing, and rest phases. On termination of deep breathing, instruct the participant to rest for five minutes. Perform only one trial for each participant.
Save the data on the ventilatory parameters in CSV format. Take the mask off the participant following the final five minutes rest phase. Ask the participant immediately which of the two deep breathing techniques was more comfortable.
Record the participant's response on a clipboard. The gas analyzer measures ventilatory parameters such as oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, expired minute ventilation, respiratory rate, tidal volume, expiratory time, and inspiratory time. Determine the mean and standard deviation for the initial rest and deep breathing phases for natural breathing and diaphragmatic breathing.
Upload the motion images into a personal computer using video editing software. Observe five minute video images of the deep breathing phases at double speed under visual assessment, and classify the breathing patterns as upper costal, diaphragmatic, or thoracoabdominal. In this study, ventilatory parameters showed a significant difference in the respiratory rate, tidal volume, and the expiratory time between the natural breathing pattern and the diaphragmatic breathing pattern.
Among the ventilatory parameters, the respiratory rate, tidal volume, and the expiratory time were found to have a significant interaction with P-value less than 0.05. A significant decrease in the respiratory rate was found for both the natural breathing and diaphragmatic breathing patterns during deep breathing compared to the initial rest phases. The respiratory rate and the natural breathing pattern decreased to a great extent compared to that for the diaphragmatic breathing pattern.
The tidal volume and the expiratory time revealed a significant increase during deep breathing compared to the initial rest phases. The increase with the natural breathing pattern was greater compared to that for the diaphragmatic breathing pattern. It is important that rest comes before the deep breathing phase and participant refrain from eating, drinking, and talking.
And wear a tight fitting black shirt contrasting with the wall for visual assessment. An alternative method for this procedure would be to analyze rest phase following the breathing to determine the effect on ventilatory parameters. In addition, we could compare the ventilatory parameters before and after the deep breathing exercise.
This may result in the change in the ventilatory parameters if participants become proficient in the two patterns of deep breathing. This technique could extent to exploring how ventilatory parameters in the elderly and individuals and persons of supreme and siderine with the different forms of this study.
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Overview
This article presents a protocol for assessing the effectiveness and ease of execution of two deep breathing patterns: natural and diaphragmatic breathing. The study involved fifteen participants and utilized an electrocardiograph and expired gas analyzer to measure ventilatory parameters, along with visual assessments via video capture of thoracoabdominal movement.
Key Study Components
Area of Science
- Respiratory physiology
- Breathing techniques
- Ventilatory assessment
Background
- The protocol allows for independent execution of breathing methods.
- It provides continuous and quantitative measurements of ventilatory parameters.
- Challenges exist in coordinating chest movement with abdominal expansion during breathing exercises.
- Calibration of the gas analyzer is essential for accurate measurements.
Purpose of Study
- To evaluate the effectiveness of natural and diaphragmatic breathing patterns.
- To provide a method for assessing breathing techniques quantitatively.
- To facilitate the instruction of breathing exercises for patients.
Methods Used
- Selection of fifteen participants for the study.
- Use of an electrocardiograph for monitoring heart activity.
- Implementation of an expired gas analyzer for ventilatory measurements.
- Video capture for visual assessment of thoracoabdominal movement.
Main Results
- The protocol allows for effective assessment of breathing patterns.
- Participants were able to execute the breathing methods independently.
- Quantitative data on ventilatory parameters were successfully collected.
- Visual assessments provided additional insights into breathing coordination.
Conclusions
- The study demonstrates a reliable method for assessing breathing techniques.
- Results indicate the potential for broader applications in patient instruction.
- Future research could explore further refinements of the protocol.
Frequently Asked Questions
Chapters in this video
0:04
Title
0:58
Procedure
2:22
Measurement of Deep Breathing with the Natural Breathing Pattern
3:40
Measurement of Deep Breathing with the Diaphragmatic Breathing Pattern
5:33
Assessment of the Breathing Pattern
6:13
Results: Natural Breathing Pattern and Diaphragmatic Breathing Pattern
7:12
Conclusion
