Name: Construction of Local Field Potential Microelectrodes for in vivo Recordings from Multiple Brain Structures Simultaneously (Video) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2022-03-14T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 7 s
Description: Learn to construct custom microelectrode arrays for simultaneous in vivo local field potential recordings from multiple brain structures. This flexible design enables precise electrophysiological data collection across various depths.

ai_agent_IP

ai_agent

maintenance

instantTrialDurationMinutes

isBiopharma

enableNewMyJoveSectionDesign

educationFeatures

seoMetaApi

ai_copilot_institution_blacklist

ai_chat_institution_blacklist

freeAccessWindow

ssoRoleCapture

scheduledMaintenanceBanner

joveLabsFeatures

disable_autoplay_for_bots

extended_trial_duration

5 minutes

This work was supported by the National Institute of Health (RO1 NS120945, R37NS119012 to JK) and the UVA Brain Institute.

The present work is approved by the University of Virginia Animal Care and Use Committee. C57Bl/6 mice of both sexes (7-12 weeks) were used for the experiments. The animals were maintained on a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle and had ad libitum access to food and water.
1. Microelectrode construction
<ol>
	<li>To construct the microelectrodes, use 50 µm (diameter) diamel-coated nickel-chromium wire (see Table of Materials). Tape one end of the wire at the back of the platform and wrap the wire three times around the nearest knob on the platform (Figure 1A,C). 
	NOTE: An acrylic platform with two knobs (2 x 5 inches) was used here, but any platform can be used.
	<ol>
		<li>Stretch the wire around the farthest second knob to make two loops between the knobs. Wrap the wire three more times around the first knob to fix the wire in place and tape the end again at the back of the platform. 
		NOTE: After the wires are separated (steps 1.2-1.3.1), there must be two wires on each side (four wires in total, Figure 1B).</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Place the tension bars under the wires with the tape wrapped around them (sticky side up) (Figure 1C). 
	NOTE: Triangular acrylic pieces were used for the tension bars, with tape wrapped around them (sticky side outside to attach the wires). The sticky side of the tape outside of the tension bars will keep the wires in place to adjust the distance between them. The tension bars must be ~2.5 cm away from the knobs, and the wires must not be loose.</li>
	<li>Using a microscope and fine forceps, make either a 3 mm or 4.5 mm gap between the wires (3 mm gap between the wires to make cortical (Ctx) - ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VL) microelectrodes; 4.5 mm gap to make striatal (Str) - nigral (SNR) microelectrodes) (Figure 1B).
	<ol>
		<li>If magnification is used on the microscope, ensure to calculate and adjust for the difference in magnification and the actual distance between the wires. 
		NOTE: If microelectrodes are constructed for structures other than those used here, the distance between the wires needs to be adjusted to the stereotaxic distance between the structures. Figure 2B provides an example of how the wires will be organized; accordingly, the stereotaxic coordinates for other structures must be adjusted.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Cut four small pieces of plastic (0.5 mm thick) ~6 mm (width) x 3 mm (height) (Figure 1C). 
	NOTE: Any plastic pieces can be used as long as they are 0.5 mm thick; here, square tubing was used in which the pins were sold (Pins, see Table of Materials). If a different thickness is used, please add more or fewer pieces of plastic to fit the required stereotaxic coordinates.</li>
	<li>Apply glue (see Table of Materials) on the plastic and place them on the wires (Figure 1C). Place plastic pieces ~1.0 cm away from the middle of the wire, which is 1.0 cm away from the tension bar. Remove the excess of superglue with a cotton swab.</li>
	<li>After the superglue dries, cut the wires using fine scissors, in the order indicated in Figure 1C.</li>
	<li>Cut four 7 mm glass tubes using a commercially available kit (see Table of Materials) and insert the electrode wires into the glass tubes as indicated in Figure 2A.
	<ol>
		<li>Insert VL and SNR electrode pairs into the glass tubes. 
		NOTE: Only the wires for deep structures need to be inserted into the glass tubes to support surgical implantation. Ensure not to insert cortical electrodes into the glass tube.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Put the glue at the base of the glass tubes to connect them to the plastic. Wait some time until the glue dries.</li>
	<li>Cut the glass tubes and wires using a scalpel as indicated in Table 1; ensure that the lengths of the microelectrodes are correct. If the microelectrodes target different structures, adjust the cutting distance according to the required stereotaxic coordinates.</li>
</ol>
<img alt="Stretching platform diagram with tension bars and wires, showing precise measurements and cut locations." class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/63633/63633fig01.jpg" data-altupdatedat="1788282455000" data-alt="Figure 1"> 
Figure 1: Schematic of the microelectrode construction. (A) Set up of wires on the platform with tension bars below the wires. (B) The gap between the wires. (C) Four pieces of plastic are glued to the wires. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/63633/63633fig01large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td>Ctx</td>
			<td>Str</td>
			<td>VL</td>
			<td>SNR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AP (Anterior/Posterior)</td>
			<td>2.2</td>
			<td>1.2</td>
			<td>-1.3</td>
			<td>-3.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ML (Medial/Lateral)</td>
			<td>1.8</td>
			<td>1.5</td>
			<td>1</td>
			<td>1.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DV (Dorsal/Ventral)</td>
			<td>0.5</td>
			<td>3.5</td>
			<td>4</td>
			<td>4.75</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrode length</td>
			<td>4</td>
			<td>4.75</td>
			<td>5.25</td>
			<td>6</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 1: Stereotaxic implantation coordinates and dimensions of the microelectrodes.
2. Microelectrode array assembly
<ol>
	<li>Use the glue to attach plastics in the desired order of target regions. An example for cortical, thalamic, striatal, and nigral electrodes is shown in Figure 2B,C.
	<ol>
		<li>Place Ctx-VL electrode pair face down (side with electrode wires has to face down) and connect two 6 mm x 3 mm empty pieces of plastic on top with glue.</li>
		<li>On top of the three pieces of plastic, place the second Ctx-VL electrode pair with the electrodes facing upwards (use a microscope and ensure that the VL electrodes are aligned). 
		NOTE: Alignment of bilateral electrodes (here, the alignment of left and right VL electrodes) is essential to target desired bilateral structures appropriately.</li>
		<li>Use the glue to attach the SNR electrodes on top with the SNR electrodes 2.0 mm away from the VL electrodes and ~5.0 mm away from the cortical electrodes (the SNR electrode wires have to face upwards).</li>
		<li>Repeat step 2.1.3. for the other side (the SNR electrode wires have to face outside of the microelectrode array).</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Apply epoxy resin around the plastic to bind the electrodes together. Avoid putting epoxy resin on the electrodes.</li>
	<li>Take a thick wire and make a loop on one end. Dip the loop in the epoxy solution and place it on the plastic, ensuring the thick wire is lying flat (Figure 2D) so that for the next steps, this wire could be used as a handle. Wait until the electrodes are fully dry.</li>
	<li>Cut the wires to 2 cm, as shown in Figure 2E.</li>
</ol>
<img alt="Electrode assembly diagram; setup for nerve signal recording; schematic with measurements; glued components." class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/63633/63633fig02v2.jpg" data-altupdatedat="1788282455000" data-alt="Figure 2"> 
Figure 2: Microelectrode construction and dimensions. (A) Four pairs of electrodes formed after the wires were cut with scissors, as indicated in Figure 1C (2 pairs of Ctx-VL electrodes and 2 pairs of Str-SNR electrodes). Insert deep structure electrodes (VL and SNR) into the glass tubes and glue their bases to plastic (red dots). (B) Top view: The electrode pairs from (A) are glued in a stack to create the microelectrode core. Red lines indicate glue lines. (C) Front side view of (B). (D) The thick wire was attached to the microelectrodes. (E) The wires are grouped as indicated, and the isolated ends are scraped off and cut into 2 cm. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/63633/63633fig02largev2.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
3. Microelectrode connection to the headset
<ol>
	<li>Group the wires as indicated in Figure 2E and scrape away 1 mm of the isolated ends with a scalpel.</li>
	<li>Bend the cortical electrodes as shown in Figure 3A. Separate the wires as shown in Figure 3B. Using fine forceps, make a loop at the end of each wire (Figure 3B).</li>
	<li>Hold a 10-pin headset with a hemostat (see Table of Materials) and use the wooden end of a cotton swab to apply minimal amounts of flux on the pins (Figure 3C). Ensure not to put flux outside the pins to prevent short-circuit among the pins.</li>
	<li>Using the wooden end of a cotton swab, apply flux to the wire loops.</li>
	<li>Solder the wire loops to the 10-pin headset as shown in Figure 3C. After soldering, dry the headset to prevent short-circuit among the pins.</li>
	<li>Take a thin wire (0.005-0.008 inch) for the reference and ground wires and strip off the plastic from one end. Make a loop on the other end of the wire.</li>
	<li>Solder the stripped side of the reference and ground wires to their respective pins (Figure 3A,C).</li>
	<li>Holding on the thick wire (Figure 2D), apply cranioplasty cement around the microelectrodes, especially where the wires connect to the pins. Avoid touching the actual electrode ends with the cement.</li>
	<li>After the cement dries, put epoxy resin at the base of the glass tubes, striatal microelectrode wires, and the whole electrode. Avoid touching the actual electrode ends with epoxy resin. Wait until the electrodes are fully dry.</li>
	<li>The electrodes are ready. Drill holes in the mouse's skull (as per the required stereotaxic coordinates) using a dental drill and implant the headset as shown in Figure 3D by lowering the headset with microelectrodes facing the skull and the appropriate holes. The headset could be attached to the stereotaxic arm for support during the implantation.</li>
</ol>
<img alt="Bilateral cortical electrodes diagram and implantation setup for neural signal recording in mouse." class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/63633/63633fig03.jpg" data-altupdatedat="1788282455000" data-alt="Figure 3"> 
Figure 3: Microelectrode implantation. (A) The cortical electrodes are bent as indicated. (B) The wires are separated to make loops at the ends. (C) The flux (at the red dots) and looped wires are soldered to the 10-pin headset, ensuring that each wire goes to its appropriate pin. (D) The headset is implanted to record LFPs. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/63633/63633fig03large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
4. Marking electrode location after recordings
<ol>
	<li>At the end of the LFP recordings, confirm the correct position of the electrodes in the target region by applying a current at the electrode tips to make a lesion and waiting for 30 min before perfusing the mouse. 
	NOTE: Lesion settings to confirm the location of the electrode tips: Single burst, 40 µA, 0.75 ms monophasic square wave pulse, 50 Hz, 30 s.</li>
	<li>Anesthetize the mice with isoflurane (until the mouse fell asleep) and perfuse10 transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer. Section the brains (40 µm thick) on a cryostat (see Table of Materials) and stain with DAPI (0.02% in PBS). Confirm the correct location of the electrodes by the presence of the electrode tip lesions as shown in Figure 4B,C. 
	NOTE: The percentage of the isoflurane needs to be applied following the individual institution's guidelines.</li>
</ol>
5. Measuring the electrode resistance
<ol>
	<li>Measure the resistance of the electrodes and check the short-circuit among the electrodes using a multi-range ohmmeter (see Table of Materials). Set the resistance scale at R x 10,000, indicating that a unit deflection in the pointer corresponds to 1 kΩ resistance. 2 cm long electrodes need to have 60-70 kΩ resistance.</li>
	<li>Customize the headset by taking ten individual pins (see Table of Materials). Solder each pin with a thin, multi-stranded copper wire in a cable.
	<ol>
		<li>Press-fit the soldered pins with their corresponding cable tails into the 10-pin double-row mating socket (matching sockets). Press-fit the open-ended pins of the mating socket into the LFP headset. In this way, each LFP electrode has a designated cable wire in the assembly.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Dip the tip of each LFP electrode (the resistance of which is to be measured) into 0.9% NaCl saline solution (NaCl concentration in the blood). Connect the cable wire end that corresponds to the LFP electrode to the positive terminal of the ohmmeter.
	<ol>
		<li>Use a low resistance ( ̴100 Ω) wire with one side in the saline water and the other side as the open end. Connect the open end of the low-resistance wire to the ground of the ohmmeter pointer. 
		NOTE: This arrangement completes the circuit and prompts a deflection of the ohmmeter pointer.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Ensure that there is no electrical connection between any two electrodes on the headset. Check the electrical insulation of pairwise LFP electrodes (ground: one cable corresponds to one electrode; positive: another cable corresponds to another electrode). Discard the electrodes if any deflection is observed in this case.</li>
</ol>

<ol><li>Buzsáki, G., Anastassiou, C. A., Koch, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+origin+of+extracellular+fields+and+currents-EEG%2C+ECoG%2C+LFP+and+spikes%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature+Reviews+Neuroscience%22%5BJournal%5D)">The origin of extracellular fields and currents-EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes.</a> Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 13, 407-420 (2012).</li>
<li>Hubel, D. H., Wiesel, T. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Receptive+fields+of+single+neurones+in+the+cat%27s+striate+cortex%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22The+Journal+of+Physiology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Receptive fields of single neurones in the cat's striate cortex.</a> The Journal of Physiology. 148 (3), 574-591 (1959).</li>
<li>O'Keefe, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Place+units+in+the+hippocampus+of+the+freely+moving+rat%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Experimental+Neurology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Place units in the hippocampus of the freely moving rat.</a> Experimental Neurology. 51 (1), 78-109 (1976).</li>
<li>Fyhn, M., Molden, S., Witter, M. P., Moser, E. I., Moser, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Spatial+representation+in+the+entorhinal+cortex%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Science%22%5BJournal%5D)">Spatial representation in the entorhinal cortex.</a> Science. 305 (5688), 1258-1264 (2004).</li>
<li>Buzsáki, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Large-scale+recording+of+neuronal+ensembles%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature+Neuroscience%22%5BJournal%5D)">Large-scale recording of neuronal ensembles.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 7, 446-451 (2004).</li>
<li>Buckmaster, P. S., Edward Dudek, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((In+vivo+intracellular+analysis+of+granule+cell+axon+reorganization+in+epileptic+rats%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Neurophysiology%22%5BJournal%5D)">In vivo intracellular analysis of granule cell axon reorganization in epileptic rats.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 81 (2), 712-721 (1999).</li>
<li>Driscoll, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Multimodal+in+vivo+recording+using+transparent+graphene+microelectrodes+illuminates+spatiotemporal+seizure+dynamics+at+the+microscale%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Communications+Biology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Multimodal in vivo recording using transparent graphene microelectrodes illuminates spatiotemporal seizure dynamics at the microscale.</a> Communications Biology. 4, 1-14 (2021).</li>
<li>Roy, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Memory+retrieval+by+activating+engram+cells+in+mouse+models+of+early+Alzheimer%27s+disease%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature%22%5BJournal%5D)">Memory retrieval by activating engram cells in mouse models of early Alzheimer's disease.</a> Nature. 531, 508-512 (2016).</li>
<li>Igarashi, K. M., Lu, L., Colgin, L. L., Moser, M. B., Moser, E. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Coordination+of+entorhinal-hippocampal+ensemble+activity+during+associative+learning%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature%22%5BJournal%5D)">Coordination of entorhinal-hippocampal ensemble activity during associative learning.</a> Nature. 510, 143-147 (2014).</li>
<li>Gage, G. J., Kipke, D. R., Shain, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Whole+animal+perfusion+fixation+for+rodents%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Visualized+Experiments%22%5BJournal%5D)">Whole animal perfusion fixation for rodents.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (65), e3564(2012).</li>
<li>Brodovskaya, A., Shiono, S., Kapur, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Activation+of+the+basal+ganglia+and+indirect+pathway+neurons+during+frontal+lobe+seizures%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Brain%22%5BJournal%5D)">Activation of the basal ganglia and indirect pathway neurons during frontal lobe seizures.</a> Brain. 144 (7), 2074-2091 (2021).</li>
<li>Ren, X., Brodovskaya, A., Hudson, J. L., Kapur, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Connectivity+and+neuronal+synchrony+during+seizures%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22The+Journal+of+Neuroscience%22%5BJournal%5D)">Connectivity and neuronal synchrony during seizures.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 41 (36), 7623-7635 (2021).</li>
<li>Chang, E. H., Frattini, S. A., Robbiati, S., Huerta, P. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Construction+of+microdrive+arrays+for+chronic+neural+recordings+in+awake+behaving+mice%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Visualized+Experiments%22%5BJournal%5D)">Construction of microdrive arrays for chronic neural recordings in awake behaving mice.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (77), e50470(2013).</li>
</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Historically, microelectrode arrays have been extensively used to record neuronal activity from a specific brain region of interest2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,13. However, our easy microelectrode design allows recording from multiple ...

Local field potentials (LFPs) are the electric potentials recorded from the extracellular space in the brain. They are generated by ion concentration imbalances outside of neurons and represent the activity of a small, localized population of neurons, allowing to precisely monitor the activity of a specific brain region compared to the macroscale EEG recordings1. As an estimate, the LFP microelectrodes separated by 1 mm correspond to two completely different populations of neurons. While EEG signal is filtered by brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, skull, muscle, and skin, LFP signal is a reliable marker of local neuronal activity1.
Researchers often need to simultaneously record LFPs from several brain structures, but commercially available microelectrode arrays often do not offer such flexibility. Here, the present protocol describes fully customizable, easily constructed microelectrodes to simultaneously record LFPs from any desired brain region at different depths. Although LFPs have extensively been used to record the neuronal activity of a specific brain region2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, the current easy customizable design allows recording LFPs from any multiple superficial or deep brain regions11,12. The protocol can also be modified to construct any desired microelectrode array by determining stereotaxic coordinates of the brain regions and assembling the array accordingly. These microelectrodes with a 10 kHz sampling rate and 60-70 k&#8486; resistance (2 cm length) allow us to record LFPs with millisecond precision. The data can then be amplified by a 16-channel amplifier, filtered (low pass 1 Hz, high pass 5 kHz), and digitized.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Amplifier 16-Channel</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>Model 3600</td><td>Amplifier</td></tr><tr><td>Cranioplasty cement</td><td>Coltene</td><td>Perm Reeline/Repair Resin Type II Class I Shade - Clear</td><td>Cement to hold microelectrodes</td></tr><tr><td>Cryostat Microtome</td><td>Precisionary</td><td>CF-6100</td><td>To slice brain</td></tr><tr><td>Diamel-coatednickel-chromium wire</td><td>Johnson Matthey Inc.</td><td>50 &amp;micro;m</td><td>Microelectrode wire</td></tr><tr><td>Dremel</td><td>Dremel</td><td>300 Series</td><td>To drill holes in mouse skull</td></tr><tr><td>Epoxy</td><td>CEC Corp</td><td>C-POXY 5</td><td>Fast setting adhesive</td></tr><tr><td>Hemostat</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td>To hold the headset</td></tr><tr><td>Forceps</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td>To hold microelectrodes</td></tr><tr><td>Light microscope</td><td>Nikon</td><td>SMZ-10</td><td>To see alignment</td></tr><tr><td>Ohmmeter</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td>To measurre resistance</td></tr><tr><td>Pins (Headers and matching Sockets)</td><td>Mill-Max</td><td>Interconnects, 833 series, 2 mm grid gull wing surface mount headers and sockets</td><td>To attach microelectrodes to</td></tr><tr><td>Polymicro Tubing Kit</td><td>Neuralynx</td><td>ID 100 &amp;plusmn; 04 &amp;micro;m, OD 164 &amp;plusmn; 06 &amp;micro;m, coating thickness 12 &amp;micro;m</td><td>Glass tubes</td></tr><tr><td>Pulse Stimulator</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>Model 2100</td><td>To mark the microelectrode location at the end of the recordings</td></tr><tr><td>Scissors</td><td>Any</td><td></td><td>To cut microelectrodes</td></tr><tr><td>Superglue</td><td>Gorilla</td><td></td><td>Adhesive</td></tr><tr><td>Thick wire 0.008 in. &amp;ndash; 0.011 in.</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>791900</td><td>Tick wire to hold the microelectrode array</td></tr><tr><td>Thin wire 0.005 in. - 0.008 in.</td><td>A-M Systems</td><td>791400</td><td>Thin wire for reference and ground</td></tr></tbody></table>

construction of local field potential microelectrodes for in vivo recordings from multiple brain structures simultaneously

Construction of Local Field Potential Microelectrodes for in vivo Recordings from Multiple Brain Structures Simultaneously

Researchers often need to record local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from several brain structures. Recording from multiple desired brain regions requires different microelectrode designs, but commercially available microelectrode arrays often do not offer such flexibility. Here, the present protocol outlines the straightforward design of custom-made microelectrode arrays to record LFPs from multiple brain structures simultaneously at different depths. This work describes the construction of the bilateral cortical, striatal, ventrolateral thalamic, and nigral microelectrodes as an example. The outlined design principle offers flexibility, and the microelectrodes can be modified and customized to record LFPs from any structure by calculating stereotaxic coordinates and quickly changing the construction accordingly to target different brain regions in either freely moving or anesthetized mice. The microelectrode assembly requires standard tools and supplies. These custom microelectrode arrays allow investigators to easily design microelectrode arrays in any configuration to track neuronal activity, providing LFP recordings with millisecond resolution.

In this work, the LFP microelectrodes were used to map the seizure spread through the basal ganglia11. Simultaneous LFP recordings were performed from the right premotor cortex (where the seizure focus was) and the left VL, striatum, and SNR (Figure 4). Seizure start was identified as deflection of the voltage trace at least twice the baseline (Figure 4A, red arrow). The power spectrum plot11 shows frequency distri...

The present protocol describes the construction of custom-made microelectrode arrays to record local field potentials in vivo from multiple brain structures simultaneously.

Researchers often need to record local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from several brain structures. Recording from multiple desired brain regions ...

construction-local-field-potential-microelectrodes-for-vivo

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

A fundamental issue in our understanding of cortical circuitry is how networks in different cortical layers encode sensory information.  Here we describe electrophysiological techniques utilizing multi-contact laminar electrodes to record single-units and local field potentials and present analyses to identify cortical layers.

Examining Local Network Processing using Multi-contact Laminar Electrode Recording

This video demonstrates the detailed procedure for preparing an anesthetized rat for electrophysiological recordings of brain activity from multiple sites. The scalp is dissected to access the skull, and holes are drilled at precise locations to install and secure electrodes. Tungsten microwire electrodes are then inserted into the targeted location to record the data.

In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Brain Activities from Multiple Sites in Rats

This video demonstrates in vivo recording of local field potential (LFP) from bilateral M2 areas of the mouse brain. An anesthetized mouse is secured and prepared for the procedure. To record LFPs, insert microelectrodes into the target coordinates of the bilateral M2 areas, which are responsible for complex motor movements.

Recording of Local Field Potential from Both Hemispheres of the Mouse Brain

The video demonstrates simultaneous electrophysiological recording from multiple brain regions in a rat using an integrative micro-drive array. Recording electrodes are placed in the olfactory bulb, reference electrodes in the frontal cortex, and micro-drive array electrodes in the hippocampus. The rat is allowed to forage freely, and simultaneous recording from all the implanted electrodes is recorded using the array.

A Micro-drive Array Method for Electrophysiological Recording from Multiple Brain Regions

This video demonstrates the procedure for concurrent recordings of co-localized electroencephalography (EEG) and local field potentials (LFPs) in an anesthetized rat. The process involves preparing the rat and attaching stimulating electrodes to its whisker pads. An EEG spider electrode is placed on the rat's skull for surface EEG measurements. At the same time, a multi-channel microelectrode is inserted into a specific brain region through a burr hole in the skull to record neural activity...

Concurrent Electroencephalographic and Local Field Potential Recordings in an Anesthetized Rat

In this study, the methodology is presented on how to perform multi-site in vivo electrophysiological recordings from the hyperdirect pathway under urethane anesthesia.

Acute In Vivo Electrophysiological Recordings of Local Field Potentials and Multi-unit Activity from the Hyperdirect Pathway in Anesthetized Rats

This protocol describes a simple method for concurrent recording of co-localized electroencephalography (EEG) and multi-laminar local field potential in an anesthetized rat. A burr hole drilled in the skull for the insertion of a microelectrode is shown to produce negligible distortion of the EEG signal.

Concurrent Recording of Co-localized Electroencephalography and Local Field Potential in Rodent

This study introduces a method for the simultaneous recording of local field potentials in the brain, electrocardiograms, electromyograms, and breathing signals of a freely moving rat. This technique, which reduces experimental costs and simplifies data analysis, will contribute to the understanding of the interactions between the brain and peripheral organs.

Simultaneous Recordings of Cortical Local Field Potentials, Electrocardiogram, Electromyogram, and Breathing Rhythm from a Freely Moving Rat

The protocol describes the methodology of extracellular recording in the motor cortex (MC) to reveal extracellular electrophysiological properties in freely moving conscious mice, as well as the data analysis of local field potentials (LFPs) and spikes, which is useful for evaluating the network neural activity underlying behaviors of interest.

Multichannel Extracellular Recording in Freely Moving Mice

Here, we present a unique, 3D-printable implant for rats, named TD Drive, capable of symmetric, bilateral wire electrode recordings, currently in up to ten distributed brain areas simultaneously.

The TD Drive: A Parametric, Open-Source Implant for Multi&#45;Area Electrophysiological Recordings in Behaving and Sleeping Rats

We have developed a simplified and cost-effective approach for electrode fabrication and conducted recordings of signals across multiple regions in freely moving mice. Utilizing optogenetics, alongside multi-region electrophysiology and calcium signal recording, enabled the revelation of neuronal activities across regions in the seizure kindling model.

An Integrated Method for Crafting Flexible and Convenient Electrophysiological Optrodes for Multi-Region In Vivo Recording

Learn to construct custom microelectrode arrays for simultaneous in vivo local field potential recordings from multiple brain structures. This flexible design enables precise electrophysiological data collection across various depths.

Construction of Local Field Potential Microelectrodes for in vivo Recordings from Multiple Brain Structures Simultaneously

Explore More Videos