What are the advantages of using TMS combined with EEG?

This combination allows for real-time monitoring of brain responses to stimulation, enhancing the precision of targeting and understanding of neuronal dynamics.

How is the biological model implemented in this study?

The study focuses on cortical networks, utilizing TMS to investigate their behavior as informed by EEG and MRI data, providing insights into brain connectivity.

What types of data or outcomes are obtained from this protocol?

The protocol yields data on neuronal excitability, cortical mapping, and real-time EEG responses, which are critical for understanding brain function.

How can this method be applied in clinical settings?

This personalized TMS approach can be utilized in treating various neurological and psychiatric conditions, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.

Are there any limitations to this approach?

While promising, the complexity of integrating multiple imaging modalities may present challenges, including the need for specialized training and equipment.

What future research directions does this study suggest?

Future research may focus on expanding TMS applications to other neurological conditions and refining protocols based on individual brain network characteristics.

What insights does the study provide regarding brain plasticity?

The findings highlight how targeted TMS can induce evident short-term plasticity changes, underscoring the dynamic nature of cortical networks.

Neuroimaging-Guided TMS–EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping

3.4K views

Cited by 4

09:55 min

June 13th, 2025

10.3791/67339-v

June 13th, 2025

3.4K views

Elena Ukharova¹ , Sabin Sathyan¹ , Ida Granö¹ , Isabella O'Meeghan¹ , Oskari Ahola¹^,²^,³ , Noora Kainulainen¹ , Joonas Laurinoja¹^,⁴ , Paula Partanen⁵^,⁶ , Dogu Baran Aydogan¹^,⁴ , Risto J. Ilmoniemi¹ , Timo Roine¹ , Pantelis Lioumis¹^,⁷^,⁸

¹Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, ²Hertie-Insitute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, ³Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tübingen, ⁴A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, ⁵Division of Psychology, VISE, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, ⁶Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, ⁷BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Aalto University, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, ⁸Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki

A novel protocol for personalized transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with electroencephalography (TMS–EEG) mapping of cortical networks, informed by multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data modalities.