Name: A Murine Model of Carotid Aneurysm Formation (Video) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2025-09-09T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 3 min 47 s
Description: Learn a standardized surgical method to induce carotid aneurysms in murine models for studying vascular disease mechanisms. This reproducible protocol enables evaluation of new therapeutic strategies.

ai_agent_IP

ai_agent

maintenance

instantTrialDurationMinutes

isBiopharma

enableNewMyJoveSectionDesign

educationFeatures

seoMetaApi

ai_copilot_institution_blacklist

ai_chat_institution_blacklist

freeAccessWindow

ssoRoleCapture

scheduledMaintenanceBanner

joveLabsFeatures

disable_autoplay_for_bots

extended_trial_duration

5 minutes

The animal protocol was approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IS00022015). Female C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice, 6-8 weeks of age, were used for the experiments. The reagents and the equipment used are listed in the Table of Materials.
1. Animal preparation
<ol>
	<li>Induce anesthesia.
	<ol>
		<li>Place the mouse in an induction chamber and administer isoflurane gas at 3%-4% concentration for induction using an anesthesia vaporizer system (following institutionally approved protocols). Adjust the flow rate to 1.0-1.5 L/min of oxygen.</li>
		<li>Monitor the animal for signs of complete anesthesia (e.g., lack of response to external stimuli and reduced respiratory rate).</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Transfer to surgical site.
	<ol>
		<li>Once the mouse is fully anesthetized, transfer it to the surgical station while maintaining isoflurane anesthesia at a maintenance concentration of 1-3% and an oxygen flow rate of 0.8-1.0 L/min. Ensure the mouse is connected to the anesthesia delivery system via a nose cone.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Temperature maintenance.
	<ol>
		<li>Position the mouse on a warming pad pre-set to 36 &#176;C. Attach a temperature probe to continuously monitor body temperature throughout the procedure. Adjust the warming pad setting if necessary to maintain a stable temperature.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Preemptive analgesia.
	<ol>
		<li>Administer buprenorphine extended-release injectable suspension at a dose of 3.25 mg/kg subcutaneously prior to the surgical procedure.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
2. Preparation for surgery
<ol>
	<li>Immobilize the animal.
	<ol>
		<li>Place the mouse in the supine position. Use strips of surgical tape to gently secure each limb to the surgical platform, ensuring the body is stabilized without undue tension.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Shave the neck area.
	<ol>
		<li>Using small surgical clippers, shave the fur from the neck region (approximately 2 cm x 2 cm area). Remove loose hair with sterile surgical gauze.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Sterilize the surgical site.
	<ol>
		<li>Apply two rounds of povidone-iodine solution to the neck area using cotton-tipped applicators, followed by two rounds of 70% ethanol. Allow the area to air dry between applications to ensure proper sterilization.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
3. Stage I: Common carotid artery ligation
<ol>
	<li>Confirm anesthesia.
	<ol>
		<li>Perform a toe-pinch test using blunt forceps. Lack of withdrawal or reflex movement confirms adequate anesthesia.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Perform midline incision.
	<ol>
		<li>Using a scalpel blade, make a 1 cm vertical incision along the midline of the neck, starting from just below the jawline. Cut through the dermis and underlying fascia.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Expose the submandibular gland.
	<ol>
		<li>Use blunt forceps to mobilize the submandibular gland laterally, taking care not to damage surrounding tissues. Gently lift the gland and separate it from the sternum by blunt dissection.</li>
		<li>Secure the gland with a small sterile retractor or clip to maintain a clear surgical field.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Expose the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle.
	<ol>
		<li>Visually identify the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. Use blunt forceps to lift the muscle gently and thread a 5-0 braided silk suture underneath. Reflect the muscle laterally by gently pulling the suture to expose the carotid sheath.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Isolate the carotid artery.
	<ol>
		<li>Open the carotid sheath using sharp forceps. Carefully separate the carotid artery from the adjacent jugular vein and vagus nerve.</li>
		<li>To improve visibility, insert a sterile silicone cuff or retractor beneath the carotid artery. Avoid causing trauma to the artery or surrounding structures.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Ligate the carotid artery.
	<ol>
		<li>Using sharp forceps, scoop the carotid artery and thread a 9-0 suture underneath. Tie a secure double knot to ligate the artery, ensuring proper tension to occlude blood flow without damaging the vessel. Trim the suture ends to minimize tissue irritation.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Elastase treatment.
	<ol>
		<li>Bathe the carotid artery in 10 U/mL porcine pancreatic elastase solution diluted in 1&#215; PBS, maintained for 10- 20 min.</li>
		<li>Keep the tissue moist throughout the incubation period to prevent desiccation. Immediately after application, gently dab away any excess elastase solution&#160;to minimize damage to surrounding tissues.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Close the incision.
	<ol>
		<li>Approximate the skin edges using sterile nylon suture (5-0) or surgical staples. Apply gentle pressure with sterile gauze to ensure hemostasis.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
4. Post-operative care
<ol>
	<li>Monitor the animal.
	<ol>
		<li>Observe the animal daily for clinical signs of complications such as premature aneurysmal rupture (evidenced by sudden lethargy or hematoma), stroke, seizures, or significant weight loss (&#62;10% of baseline weight).</li>
		<li>Promptly euthanize animals (following institutionally approved protocols) exhibiting severe symptoms to minimize pain and distress. 
		NOTE: Buprenorphine extended-release provides up to 72 h of analgesia; additional post-operative analgesics are administered only if needed.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Wound care
	<ol>
		<li>Immediately after the surgery, apply 4% lidocaine gel to the incision site for local pain relief. Apply a thin layer of antibiotic ointment (e.g., bacitracin) to prevent infection. Repeat wound care daily for at least 3 days or until the wound shows signs of healing.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Recovery environment
	<ol>
		<li>Place the animal in a clean recovery cage with soft bedding. Ensure access to warmed fluids or a hydration gel to aid recovery. Monitor until the animal is fully awake and mobile, then return it to its standard housing.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>

<ol><li>Vlak, M. H., Algra, A., Brandenburg, R., Rinkel, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Prevalence+of+unruptured+intracranial+aneurysms%2C+with+emphasis+on+sex%2C+age%2C+comorbidity%2C+country%2C+and+time+period%3A+A+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Lancet+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Prevalence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, with emphasis on sex, age, comorbidity, country, and time period: A systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> Lancet Neurol. 10 (7), 626-636 (2011).</li>
<li>van Gijn, J., Kerr, R. S., Rinkel, G. J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Subarachnoid+haemorrhage%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Lancet%22%5BJournal%5D)">Subarachnoid haemorrhage.</a> Lancet. 369 (9558), 306-318 (2007).</li>
<li>Strange, F., Gruter, B. E., Fandino, J., Marbacher, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Preclinical+intracranial+aneurysm+models%3A+A+systematic+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Brain+Sci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Preclinical intracranial aneurysm models: A systematic review.</a> Brain Sci. 10 (3), 134(2020).</li>
<li>Frösen, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Smooth+muscle+cells+and+the+formation%2C+degeneration%2C+and+rupture+of+saccular+intracranial+aneurysm+wall+-+A+review+of+current+pathophysiological+knowledge%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Transl+Stroke+Res%22%5BJournal%5D)">Smooth muscle cells and the formation, degeneration, and rupture of saccular intracranial aneurysm wall - A review of current pathophysiological knowledge.</a> Transl Stroke Res. 5 (3), 347-356 (2014).</li>
<li>Frösen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Remodeling+of+saccular+cerebral+artery+aneurysm+wall+is+associated+with+rupture%3A+Histological+analysis+of+24+unruptured+and+42+ruptured+cases%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Stroke%22%5BJournal%5D)">Remodeling of saccular cerebral artery aneurysm wall is associated with rupture: Histological analysis of 24 unruptured and 42 ruptured cases.</a> Stroke. 35 (10), 2287-2293 (2004).</li>
<li>Tulamo, R., Frösen, J., Hernesniemi, J., Niemelä, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Inflammatory+changes+in+the+aneurysm+wall%3A+A+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Neurointerv+Surg%22%5BJournal%5D)">Inflammatory changes in the aneurysm wall: A review.</a> J Neurointerv Surg. 2 (2), 120-130 (2010).</li>
<li>Hashimoto, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Experimental+induction+of+cerebral+aneurysms+in+monkeys%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Neurosurg%22%5BJournal%5D)">Experimental induction of cerebral aneurysms in monkeys.</a> J Neurosurg. 67 (6), 903-905 (1987).</li>
<li>Lv, X., Zhang, H., Kong, W., Liang, S., Zhang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Evaluation+of+an+antithrombotic+surface-coated+flow+diverter+in+a+rabbit+model+without+dual+antiplatelet+drugs%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22World+Neurosurg%22%5BJournal%5D)">Evaluation of an antithrombotic surface-coated flow diverter in a rabbit model without dual antiplatelet drugs.</a> World Neurosurg. 192, e155-e162 (2024).</li>
<li>Yasargil, M. G., Fox, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+microsurgical+approach+to+intracranial+aneurysms%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Surg+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">The microsurgical approach to intracranial aneurysms.</a> Surg Neurol. 3 (1), 7-14 (1975).</li>
<li>Nishikawa, M., Yonekawa, Y., Matsuda, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Experimental+aneurysms%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Surg+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Experimental aneurysms.</a> Surg Neurol. 5 (1), 15-18 (1976).</li>
<li>Hoh, B. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+novel+murine+elastase+saccular+aneurysm+model+for+studying+bone+marrow+progenitor-derived+cell-mediated+processes+in+aneurysm+formation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurosurgery%22%5BJournal%5D)">A novel murine elastase saccular aneurysm model for studying bone marrow progenitor-derived cell-mediated processes in aneurysm formation.</a> Neurosurgery. 66 (3), 544-550 (2010).</li>
<li>Staarmann, B., Smith, M., Prestigiacomo, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Shear+stress+and+aneurysms%3A+A+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurosurg+Focus%22%5BJournal%5D)">Shear stress and aneurysms: A review.</a> Neurosurg Focus. 47 (1), E2(2019).</li>
<li>Dolan, J. M., Kolega, J., Meng, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((High+wall+shear+stress+and+spatial+gradients+in+vascular+pathology%3A+A+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Ann+Biomed+Eng%22%5BJournal%5D)">High wall shear stress and spatial gradients in vascular pathology: A review.</a> Ann Biomed Eng. 41 (7), 1411-1427 (2013).</li>
<li>Aoki, T., Nishimura, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+development+and+the+use+of+experimental+animal+models+to+study+the+underlying+mechanisms+of+CA+formation%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Biomed+Biotechnol%22%5BJournal%5D)">The development and the use of experimental animal models to study the underlying mechanisms of CA formation.</a> J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011, 535921(2011).</li>
<li>Starke, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Critical+role+of+TNF-%CE%B1+in+cerebral+aneurysm+formation+and+progression+to+rupture%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Neuroinflammation%22%5BJournal%5D)">Critical role of TNF-α in cerebral aneurysm formation and progression to rupture.</a> J Neuroinflammation. 11, 77(2014).</li>
<li>Hussain, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Search+for+biomarkers+of+intracranial+aneurysms%3A+A+systematic+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22World+Neurosurg%22%5BJournal%5D)">Search for biomarkers of intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review.</a> World Neurosurg. 84 (5), 1473-1483 (2015).</li>
<li>Broderick, J. P. Jr <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Unruptured+intracranial+aneurysms%3A+Epidemiology%2C+natural+history%2C+management+options%2C+and+familial+screening%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Lancet+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: Epidemiology, natural history, management options, and familial screening.</a> Lancet Neurol. 13 (4), 393-404 (2014).</li>
</ol>

The carotid aneurysm model induced by ligation of the carotid artery was initially described in the 1970s by Yasargil and Matsuda, who utilized vein grafts to induce aneurysm development9,10. Subsequent modifications to this technique, including the addition of elastase treatment and carotid ligation, have enabled the generation of larger carotid aneurysms in a more efficient and expedited manner6,11. Des...

Cerebral aneurysms are localized dilations in the walls of cerebral blood vessels, affecting approximately 2%-5% of the general population. Rupture of these aneurysms can result in subarachnoid hemorrhage, which carries high rates of mortality and morbidity1,2. Understanding the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms and identifying potential therapeutic targets requires reliable and reproducible animal models that mimic the human disease. This article introduces a standardized surgical method for inducing carotid aneurysms in mice, offering a practical and efficient alternative to more technically demanding intracranial models3.
The development of this technique is motivated by the challenges associated with existing cerebral aneurysm models. Intracranial aneurysm models, though widely used, require complex surgical procedures and are limited by the small caliber of intracranial vessels, which hampers their utility for testing endovascular devices and other interventions4,5. Additionally, variations in the methods used across studies -- such as differences in elastase concentrations and exposure times -- reduce reproducibility and hinder cross-study comparisons. By standardizing the procedure, this technique addresses these limitations and provides a high success rate of aneurysm induction with minimal surgical risk.
Compared to alternative methods, the carotid aneurysm model offers several distinct advantages. First, the simplified surgical procedure reduces technical barriers, making it more accessible to a broader range of laboratories. Second, the larger caliber of the carotid artery compared to intracranial vessels facilitates testing of therapeutic approaches, including endovascular devices. Previous studies have demonstrated variations of this model with promising results, but inconsistent protocols have limited reproducibility6,7. Our approach refines these methods, achieving an 87% success rate in female mice and ensuring consistency across experiments.
In the broader context of the literature, animal models for cerebral aneurysms are critical for understanding disease mechanisms, evaluating therapeutic targets, and developing intervention strategies. Models have been developed in various species, including zebrafish, rats, rabbits, and dogs, each with unique advantages and limitations3,8. This carotid aneurysm model complements the existing repertoire by offering a balance of technical feasibility and relevance to human disease, making it an ideal option for researchers seeking a reliable, reproducible model for preclinical studies.
This method is particularly well-suited for laboratories aiming to investigate the molecular and biomechanical underpinnings of aneurysm formation, test pharmacological agents, or evaluate endovascular devices. Researchers should consider whether the anatomical and physiological features of this model align with their specific experimental goals. By providing a standardized, reproducible protocol, this technique aims to advance cerebral aneurysm research and foster greater consistency across studies in the field.

<table><tbody><tr><td>5-0 absorbable braided suture</td><td>Ethicon / Ethilon</td><td>J463G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5-0 non-absorbable monofilament suture</td><td>Ethicon / Ethilon</td><td>8698G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9-0 non-absorbably monofilament suture</td><td>Ethicon / Ethilon</td><td>2829G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>alcohol prep pads</td><td>Medline</td><td>CUR45585RB</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>animal pocket pro shaver</td><td>Wahl</td><td>9861-900</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 Forceps</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5058</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont Titanium Tweezers; Pattern #5</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5050</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Graefe Forceps</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5138&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Graefe Tissue Forceps</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5155</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>lidocaine, 4%, topical</td><td>Medline</td><td>52565-009-50</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>micro-clip straight, 5 mm</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5420</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>micro-dissecting scissors</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5610</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>micro-sclip straight, 8 mm</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5424</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>mosquito forceps, 4&quot;</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-7100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nitrile gloves</td><td>Fisherbrand</td><td>19-130-1597</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td><td>Thermo Fisher</td><td>15140122</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Porcine pancreatic elastase</td><td>Worthington</td><td>LS002274</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>povidone-iodine</td><td>Medline</td><td>MDS093943</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>scissors, extra-fine</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5880</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>scissors, fine</td><td>Roboz</td><td>RS-5840</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile 0.9% saline solution</td><td>Baxter</td><td>2B1324X</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile Cotton Applicator</td><td>Dynarex</td><td>4303</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sterile Disposable Surgical Towels, Blue</td><td>Medline</td><td>MDT2168202H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tegaderm Transparent Film Dressing</td><td>3M</td><td>1624W</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a murine model of carotid aneurysm formation

A Murine Model of Carotid Aneurysm Formation

Cerebral aneurysms are present in approximately 2%-5% of the population and represent a significant public health concern due to their high rates of mortality and morbidity upon rupture. Despite advancements in research, the development of effective and reproducible animal models remains a challenge. Among the available models, surgically induced aneurysms are widely utilized; however, the technical complexity of these procedures often limits their accessibility. These methods require extensive surgical expertise and are associated with higher rates of intraoperative mortality or inconsistent aneurysm formation, which can compromise the reliability of experimental outcomes. To address these limitations, this video article introduces a simplified surgical procedure for inducing carotid aneurysms in mice, performed in a single session. This streamlined approach has demonstrated an impressive 87% success rate in inducing carotid aneurysms in female mice. By reducing technical challenges and improving reproducibility, this method provides a practical and reliable alternative for cerebral aneurysm research. Its widespread adoption could facilitate standardized studies, accelerate the development of therapeutic strategies, and ultimately advance our understanding of aneurysm pathophysiology.

A total of 15 female wild-type (WT) mice underwent the aneurysm induction procedure following the standardized protocol described (Figure 1). Two weeks post-surgery, aneurysm formation was successfully achieved in approximately 87% of the mice, as confirmed by gross morphological examination (Figure 2 and Figure 3). These results highlight the robustness and reproducibility of the technique, demon...

The present protocol describes a standardized surgical method for the induction of carotid aneurysms in a murine model through a single surgical operation.

Cerebral aneurysms are present in approximately 2%-5% of the population and represent a significant public health concern due to their high rates of ...

Our research works are reproducible murine carotid aneurysm model to investigate mechanisms and evaluate new therapeutic strategies for analyzing treatment. To begin, prepare the surgical site on the animal with Betadine and 70%ethanol solutions. And place the surgical drape.Using surgical scissors, make a one centimeter vertical incision along the midline of the neck. Starting from just below the jawline. Cut through the dermis and underlying fascia.Use blunt forceps to mobilize the submandibular gland laterally. Taking care not to damage surrounding tissues. Gently lift the gland and separate it from the sternum by blunt dissection.Secure the gland with a small sterile retractor or clip to maintain a clear surgical field. Identify the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. Use blunt forceps to lift the muscle gently, and thread a 5/0 braided silk suture underneath.Reflect the muscle laterally by gently pulling the suture to expose the carotid sheath. Open the carotid sheath using sharp forceps. Carefully separate the carotid artery from the adjacent jugular vein and vagus nerve.To improve visibility, insert a sterile silicone cuff or retractor beneath the carotid artery. Avoid causing trauma to the artery or surrounding structures. Using sharp forceps, scoop the carotid artery and thread a 9/0 suture underneath.Tie a secure double knot to ligate the artery, ensuring proper tension to occlude blood flow without damaging the vessel. Trim the suture ends to minimize tissue irritation. Using a syringe, apply a couple of drops of sterile porcine elastase solution at 10 units diluted in one milliliter of saline solution over 10 or 20 minutes.Once the elastase treatment time is completed, use a sterile cotton swab to remove excess elastase. If desired, use sterile normal saline to wash out the remaining elastase solution. Finally, remove any retaining sutures or clips to prepare for closure.Approximate the skin edges using sterile nylon suture 5/0 or surgical staples. Finally, apply gentle pressure with sterile gauze to ensure hemostasis. A total of 15 female wild type mice underwent the aneurysm induction procedure following the standardized protocol.Two weeks after surgery, aneurysm formation was successfully achieved in approximately 87%of the mice as confirmed by gross morphological examination. Aneurysm formation was also visualized under microscopy by disruption of the internal elastic lamina. Our results shows that in the Matiq base ward degradation combined with altered human dynamics reproduces key in human dynamic groups.Compared with intercranial models, our approach is faster, more accessible, and allow testing when in the background of former project intubations in mice. This standardized murine model promotes cross study comparability and helps write therapeutics testing for aneurysm prevention and treatment.

a-murine-model-of-carotid-aneurysm-formation

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

A model of stent implantation in mouse carotid artery is described. Compared to other similar methods, this procedure is very rapid, simple and accessible, offering the possibility to study in a convenient way the vascular wall reaction to different drug-eluting stents and the molecular mechanisms of restenosis.

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis

Histological and biochemical modifications after aneurysm endograft exclusion are still unclear. We describe a new model of endograft implantation on a murine aneurysm. Through thrombus analysis with and without persistant circulating blood stream interface, and new endovascular biomaterials evaluation, this model will help to better understand endovascular aneurysm exclusion pathobiology.

A New Murine Model of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Microsurgical sidewall aneurysms in rats are created by end-to-side anastomosis of an aortic graft to the abdominal aorta. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss anatomical and surgical details for successful experimental saccular aneurysm creation.

The Helsinki Rat Microsurgical Sidewall Aneurysm Model

This study describes an invasive procedure for the induction of accelerated atherosclerosis in mice. In comparison to other methods using electric- or cryo-induced injury, mechanical-induced injury mimics the human condition of restenosis after revascularization therapies and is ideal for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved.

Induction of Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Mice: The "Wire-Injury" Model

We describe a surgical protocol to consistently induce robust descending thoracic aortic aneurysms in mice. The procedure involves left thoracotomy, thoracic aorta exposure, and placement of a sponge soaked in porcine pancreatic elastase on the aortic wall.

Murine Surgical Model of Topical Elastase Induced Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Developing and testing endovascular devices for intracranial aneurysm treatment is still of great importance. Most aneurysm models used today miss either the important characteristics of an arterial degenerated wall or the hemodynamics of a true bifurcation. Therefore, we aimed to design a novel arterial pouch bifurcation model in rabbits.

Arterial Pouch Microsurgical Bifurcation Aneurysm Model in the Rabbit

Here, we describe a mouse model of retinal ischemia by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion using simple sutures and a clamp. This model can be useful for understanding the pathological mechanisms of retinal ischemia caused by cardiovascular abnormalities.

A Murine Model of Ischemic Retinal Injury Induced by Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

The needle method of asymmetric bilateral common carotid artery stenosis is proposed to create a mouse model for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. It results in longer-term outcomes compared to previously established models and is compatible with live MRI. Visual representation demonstrating the procedure provides guidance for mastering the surgery.

A Mouse Model for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Based on Needle-guided Asymmetric Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis

Here we present a murine model for femoral artery anastomosis, offering researchers a valuable animal model to study and simulate vascular anastomotic stenosis. This development is crucial for advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this condition and facilitating more accurate and effective research into vascular diseases.

Development of a Murine Model for Femoral Artery Anastomotic Stenosis

This protocol shows how to retrogradely label retinal ganglion cells, and how to subsequently make an optic nerve crush injury in order to analyze retinal ganglion cell survival and apoptosis. It is an experimental disease model for different types of optic neuropathy, including glaucoma.

An Optic Nerve Crush Injury Murine Model to Study Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival

Learn a standardized surgical method to induce carotid aneurysms in murine models for studying vascular disease mechanisms. This reproducible protocol enables evaluation of new therapeutic strategies.

A Murine Model of Carotid Aneurysm Formation

Explore More Videos