Within Session Learning
Within Session Learning - Related Videos
06:22
Motor Learning in Mirror Drawing
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University Colloquially, the terms learning and memory encompass a broad range of behaviors and mental systems, everything from learning to tie a shoe to mastering calculus (and a lot in between). Experimental psychologists have divided up learning mechanisms into groups that seem to have different properties, and that seem to rely on different brain systems. A major division is between declarative and non-declarative memory, roughly, the...
08:31
Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze
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Cited by 2 •
2015
The Open-field Tower Maze (OFTM) is a maze created to study the behavioral and neural mechanisms of spatial learning (e.g., place- or response-learning) in rats. This maze is especially useful for experimenters who want to use a non-stressful maze paradigm to investigate spatial learning in their research.
11:14
Learning and Memory: The Remember-Know Task
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Jonas T. Kaplan and Sarah I. Gimbel—University of Southern California Our experience of memory is varied and complex. Sometimes we remember events in vivid detail, while other times we may only have a vague sense of familiarity. Memory researchers have made a distinction between memories that are recollected versus those that are familiar. A recollected item is one that is not only remembered, but carries with it details of the time at which it was learned or encoded.
10:06
An Introduction to Learning and Memory
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2023
Learning is the process of acquiring new information and memory is the retention or storage of that information. Different types of learning, such as non-associative and associative learning, and different types of memory, such as long-term and short-term memory, have been associated with human behaviors. Studying these components in detail helps behavioral scientists understand the neural mechanisms behind these two complex phenomena. JoVE's overview on learning and memory introduces common...
06:02
Visual Statistical Learning
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University The visual environment contains massive amounts of information involving the relations between objects in space and time; certain objects are more likely to appear in the vicinity of other objects. Learning these regularities can support a wide array of visual processing, including object recognition. Unsurprisingly, then, humans appear to learn these regularities automatically, quickly, and without conscious awareness. The name...
FAQs
The key distinction comes from when the change appears and whether it persists beyond the session. A response that shifts across consecutive trials may reflect rapid adaptation to recent stimuli, consequences, or task demands, whereas learning demonstrated across separate sessions provides stronger evidence of longer-term retention. This distinction helps behavioral researchers interpret short-term performance accurately.
Several processes may contribute, including reinforcement, feedback, habituation, and adjustments based on recent outcomes. Reinforcement can alter responding by making some behaviors more likely, while feedback informs subsequent choices or accuracy. Habituation can reduce responding to repeatedly encountered stimuli. Considering these mechanisms prevents researchers from attributing every trial-by-trial change to the same learning process.
These measures capture different aspects of change. Increasing accuracy may indicate improved task performance, decreasing latency may show faster responding, and altered choice patterns may reveal changing preferences or strategies. Examining several measures together gives a more complete account of how behavior adjusts to stimuli, consequences, and task demands during the session.
Researchers record behavior across the successive trials of one experimental session and then evaluate whether responding changes systematically over time. Depending on the task, they may track accuracy, response latency, or choice patterns. Interpreting the direction and consistency of these measures helps separate organized adaptation from an absence of meaningful behavioral change.
This approach is useful when researchers need to determine how quickly an organism adapts to a task or changing conditions. It can evaluate behavioral training, decision-making, and adaptive behavior by showing how responding shifts as experience accumulates within the session. The resulting pattern can also provide clues about mechanisms that support rapid adjustment.
Trial-by-trial patterns reveal whether behavior changes immediately after exposure to stimuli, consequences, or task demands. That information helps researchers examine the mechanisms underlying adaptation rather than relying only on final performance. Comparing these short-term changes with learning observed across separate sessions also clarifies whether an effect reflects transient adjustment or more persistent memory.