Aortic Ligation Technique
Aortic Ligation Technique - Related Videos
05:47
Modified Technique for Coronary Artery Ligation in Mice
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Cited by 8 •
2013
The surgical procedure used to induce experimental myocardial infarction in mice begins with left thoracotomy between the third and the fourth ribs in order to visualize the anterior surface of the heart and left lung. The left coronary artery is ligated, the chest is closed and the mouse is allowed to recover spontaneously.
08:34
Technique of Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice for Induction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
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Cited by 34 •
2017
The aim of this protocol is to describe step-by-step the technique of minimally invasive transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. By elimination of intubation and ventilation which are mandatory for the commonly used standard procedure, minimally invasive TAC simplifies the operative procedure and reduces the strain put on the animal.
12:17
Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots
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Cited by 4 •
2017
Full-root aortic valve replacement by stentless aortic xenograft is a viable option in patients with small aortic roots. We describe, a technique for the full-root implantation of stentless aortic xenografts, with emphasis on the management of the proximal suture line and coronary anastomoses, and discuss its limitations and alternative options.
08:25
Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice
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Cited by 262 •
2010
Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in the mouse is a commonly used experimental model to study mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure development. Here, we describe procedures to constrict the aorta to create a reproducible degree of cardiac hypertrophy in mice.
07:40
Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice
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Cited by 42 •
2017
Minimally invasive transverse aortic constriction (MTAC) conserves the essentials of regular transverse aortic constriction (TAC) while eliminating the use of a ventilator with tracheal intubation. It proves to be a highly desirable method for high-throughput studies on left ventricular overload, particularly in translational studies.
FAQs
Constriction raises resistance to blood leaving the heart, so pressure increases on the upstream side of the ligated segment. This creates a defined hemodynamic stress rather than an unstructured circulatory change. Researchers can then relate altered loading of the heart and vessels to subsequent remodeling or cellular responses, helping connect circulation-level forces with cardiovascular biology.
Partial and complete ligation do not impose the same vascular challenge. A partial constriction increases resistance while preserving some passage through the aorta, whereas complete constriction produces a more extensive restriction of flow. Selecting between them allows investigators to create a controlled range of altered hemodynamics and examine how response severity relates to pressure overload or ischemic injury.
Securing the ligature around a defined aortic segment gives the experiment a consistent anatomical reference for changing blood flow. Standardization is important because the resulting upstream pressure overload and altered vascular forces must be interpreted against the same intervention. This consistency helps distinguish biological differences in remodeling or cardiac response from differences in how the constriction was placed.
At a high level, the method begins by selecting the aortic segment to be studied, then securing a ligature to produce either partial or complete constriction. The resulting change in outflow resistance creates the experimental challenge. Subsequent work measures physiological changes and examines tissues, cells, or molecular pathways to determine how the altered circulation affected the cardiovascular system.
Researchers choose this technique to model defined cardiovascular stresses in experimental biology. It can support studies of cardiac hypertrophy, vascular remodeling, ischemic injury, and molecular pathways activated by altered circulation. The approach is most informative when investigators want to connect a controlled change in blood flow with physiological, tissue-level, and cellular outcomes.
The approach can generate several layers of evidence, from measurable physiological changes to alterations in tissues and cells. Investigators can evaluate how pressure overload and changed vascular forces correspond with cardiac hypertrophy, vascular remodeling, or ischemic injury. Molecular analysis further helps identify pathways that respond to the imposed circulatory challenge and link them to disease-relevant mechanisms.