Circulating Immune Cells
Circulating Immune Cells - Related Videos
07:26
Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2011
This method for isolating functional immune cells from the heart provides an alternative to the conventional methods of collagenase digestion, which causes unwanted immune cell activation, resulting in a decreased responsiveness of these cells. Our method of isolation yields functional cardiac immune cells by avoiding problems associated with enzymatic digestion.
15:39
Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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Cited by 8 •
2019
Herein we describe two approaches to characterize cell polarization events in B lymphocytes during the formation of an IS. The first, involves quantification of organelle recruitment and cytoskeleton rearrangements at the synaptic membrane. The second is a biochemical approach, to characterize changes in composition of the centrosome, which undergoes polarization to the immune synapse.
01:38
What is the Immune System?
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2019
Overview The immune system comprises diverse biological structures and processes that protect the body from disease. These processes can be classified into innate and adaptive immunity. To work effectively, the immune system needs to detect pathogens by distinguishing the body’s own structures from foreign elements. If this determination fails, autoimmune diseases occur in which the immune system reacts against the body’s own tissue. The Innate Immune System Acts Fast and Non-specifically
03:06
Developing a Humanized Mouse Model with Human Liver Cells and Immune Cells
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2025
This video demonstrates a method for generating a dual humanized mouse model with a human immune system and liver cells. It involves transplanting human liver cells and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into a transgenic immunodeficient mouse via intrasplenic injection, leading to engraftment of liver cells and development of human immune cells.
01:36
Humoral Immune Responses
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2019
Overview The humoral immune response, also known as the antibody-mediated immune response, targets pathogens circulating in “humors,” or extracellular fluids, such as blood and lymph. Antibodies target invading pathogens for destruction via multiple defense mechanisms, including neutralization, opsonization, and activation of the complement system. Patients that are impaired in the production of antibodies suffer from severe and frequent infections by common pathogens and unusual pathogens. B...
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Chemokines create directional cues that help circulating immune cells move toward affected tissues. Adhesion molecules strengthen interactions between these cells and blood vessel surfaces, while vascular signals help coordinate tissue entry. Together, these mechanisms connect detection in the circulation with localized immune activity, allowing defense to become concentrated where infection or inflammation is occurring.
Innate cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cells, contribute to early threat detection and defense. Adaptive lymphocytes, including B and T cells, provide a more specialized immune response. Considering both groups is important because host protection depends on coordinated activity across distinct immune cell types rather than on a single circulating population.
Adhesion molecules and vascular signals regulate whether immune cells remain in circulation or move into tissues. Their activity helps control the timing and location of immune-cell recruitment during infection or inflammation. This regulation supports tissue surveillance while preventing immune activity from being distributed randomly throughout the body.
Variation in the abundance of circulating immune cells can reflect changes in immune activity associated with infection, autoimmune disease, cancer, or treatment response. Abundance becomes more informative when considered alongside activation state and molecular profiles, because these complementary features can indicate not only how many cells are present but also how they may be functioning.
Researchers can examine cell abundance, activation state, and molecular profiles to identify patterns associated with disease or therapeutic response. These measurements may help characterize infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer, while also providing indicators of how a patient responds to therapy. The value comes from integrating several cellular features rather than relying on cell counts alone.
In biology, studying these cells links immune-cell movement with host defense, immune regulation, and disease progression. Their presence in blood and lymphatic circulation makes them useful for examining how systemic immune activity relates to events in tissues. This perspective supports research into both normal immune coordination and changes associated with disease.