Fenestration Analysis
Fenestration Analysis - Related Videos
08:38
A Standardized Method for the Analysis of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Their Fenestrations by Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Cited by 41 •
2015
The fenestrated liver sinusoidal endothelial cell is a biologically important filter system that is highly influenced by various diseases, toxins, and physiological states. These changes significantly impact on liver function. We describe methods for the standardisation of the measurement of the size and number of fenestrations in these cells.
15:04
A Neuronal and Astrocyte Co-Culture Assay for High Content Analysis of Neurotoxicity
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Cited by 46 •
2009
This article describes a novel protocol and reagent set designed for sensitive measurement of neurotoxic effects of compounds and treatments on co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes using high content analysis. Results demonstrate that high content analysis represents an exciting novel technology for neurotoxicity assessment.
10:39
Automated Analysis of Intracellular Phenotypes of Salmonella Using ImageJ
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Cited by 3 •
2022
Salmonella invades and replicates inside intestinal epithelial cells both in Salmonella-specific vacuoles and free in the cytosol (hyper-replication). A high-throughput fluorescence microscopy-based protocol is described here to quantify the intracellular phenotypes of Salmonella by two complementary image analyses through ImageJ, reaching single-cell resolution and scoring.
11:24
High-throughput Imaging and Analysis Workflow for Evaluating Skin Cell Phenotypes and Proliferation States in Tissue Samples
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Cited by 1 •
2025
The combination of iterative-bleaching-extends-multiplexity (IBEX) and a commercial nucleotide labeling assay (Click-iT EdU) enables the detection and categorization of dividing cell types in highly dynamic processes in fixed frozen murine tissue sections. Furthermore, a novel open-source image processing pipeline provides high-throughput image acquisition and analysis.
06:24
Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis
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Cited by 14 •
2020
A number of different procedures for preparing nanoparticles for surface analysis are presented (drop casting, spin coating, deposition from powders, and cryofixation). We discuss the challenges, opportunities, and possible applications of each method, particularly regarding the changes in the surface properties caused by the different preparation methods.
FAQs
Fenestration analysis separates several geometric variables rather than treating openings as a single feature. Researchers can quantify fenestra density, diameter, spacing, and total porosity independently, then examine how each measurement relates to tissue exchange. This distinction matters because two endothelial regions may have similar numbers of openings but different opening sizes or spacing, producing different structural profiles.
Total porosity provides a combined measure of the openings within a measured endothelial region, while density, diameter, and spacing preserve complementary detail. Using these measures together helps connect vascular architecture with selective movement of fluids and solutes across capillary walls. The combination is therefore more informative for comparing tissue regions than relying on a single fenestra measurement.
The biological meaning of a fenestra profile depends partly on the tissue in which it occurs. Fenestrated capillaries in the kidney, endocrine glands, and intestine can be characterized using the same structural measurements, while comparisons reveal tissue-specific patterns of exchange. Organ context helps researchers relate observed porosity and opening organization to specialized vascular function.
A basic workflow uses microscopy to visualize fenestrae in specialized endothelial cells, followed by image analysis to quantify their density, diameter, spacing, and total porosity. Researchers can organize these measurements by tissue region or experimental condition and then relate the structural results to capillary exchange. The workflow converts microscopic appearance into comparable quantitative data.
Measurements can be compared across developmental stages or between healthy and diseased tissue to identify changes in fenestra distribution and dimensions. Shifts in density, diameter, spacing, or total porosity may indicate altered microvascular organization. These comparisons help researchers study how vascular structure changes over time and how those changes may affect tissue permeability.
Fenestration analysis is useful when researchers need structural evidence about microvascular exchange, permeability, or remodeling. It supports characterization of specialized capillaries in organs with fenestrated vasculature and can be applied when evaluating changes associated with disease or treatment. The resulting measurements provide a quantitative basis for comparing vascular states rather than relying only on visual descriptions.