Hbv Dna
Hbv Dna - Related Videos
09:31
Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
0 Views •
Cited by 56 •
2016
We describe a protocol for amplifying retroviral integration sites from the genomic DNA of infected cells, sequencing the amplified virus-host junctions, and then mapping these sequences to a reference genome. We also describe techniques to quantify the distribution of integration sites relative to various genomic annotations using BEDTools.
14:57
DNA Stable-Isotope Probing (DNA-SIP)
0 Views •
Cited by 70 •
2010
DNA stable-isotope probing is a cultivation-independent method to identify and characterize active communities of microorganisms that are capable of utilizing specific substrates. Assimilation of substrate enriched in heavy isotope leads to incorporation of labelled atoms into microbial biomass. Density gradient ultracentrifugation retrieves labelled DNA for downstream molecular analyses.
07:25
Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
0 Views •
2019
Presented here is a protocol for the effective suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in mice by utilizing adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of stem cell-derived viral antigen (Ag)-specific T lymphocytes. This procedure may be adapted for potential ACT-based immunotherapy of HBV infection.
02:02
DNA Topoisomerases
0 Views •
2020
Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA. Types and Mechanism of action Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. Type I...
00:55
DNA Helicases
0 Views •
2020
DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
FAQs
cccDNA serves as a stable nuclear template after cellular repair enzymes process the incoming relaxed circular DNA. From this template, the virus produces viral RNA, including pregenomic RNA needed for new genome production. Its persistence helps explain why cccDNA research is important when studying ongoing infection and developing therapies intended to achieve a cure.
Reverse transcription converts pregenomic RNA into DNA inside assembling nucleocapsids. This step differs from the earlier repair process, which occurs after the viral genome reaches the hepatocyte nucleus and creates cccDNA. Understanding both stages shows how HBV uses an RNA intermediate while ultimately maintaining a DNA genome for new viral particles.
Repair converts the incoming relaxed circular genome into covalently closed circular DNA, or cccDNA. This change creates the stable template required for viral RNA production rather than immediately producing new DNA. The distinction is biologically important because the repaired nuclear form connects entry of the virus with continued genome expression and replication-related activity.
HBV DNA testing can help detect infection and measure the amount of viral genetic material present. Those measurements provide information about viral activity and support clinical decisions, including treatment decisions. In this context, the result is not simply a confirmation of exposure; it contributes to evaluating how actively the virus is present.
Measurement of HBV DNA supports viral-load monitoring, allowing viral genetic material to be assessed as part of evaluating infection over time. It can also contribute to assessing persistent infection and viral activity. These uses make HBV DNA a practical biological indicator for following the infection and informing decisions about management.
cccDNA research focuses on the stable nuclear template that supports viral RNA production. Because this form remains central to the virus’s genetic program, studying it can clarify mechanisms associated with persistent infection. That knowledge informs efforts to develop curative therapies, extending research beyond measuring circulating viral DNA alone.