Maternal Sex Determination
Maternal Sex Determination - Related Videos
10:08
Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
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2021
Early development is dependent on maternally-inherited products, and the role of many of these products is currently unknown. Herein, we described a protocol that uses CRISPR-Cas9 to identify maternal-effect phenotypes in a single generation.
10:16
Accurate and Phenol Free DNA Sexing of Day 30 Porcine Embryos by PCR
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Cited by 10 •
2016
This protocol describes an accurate, inexpensive, rapid and non-toxic method to determine the sex of Day 30 porcine embryo using PCR method after grinding an embryo into powder without phenol chloroform extraction and DNA column purification.
09:17
Generation of Maternal Mutants Using zpc:cas9 Knock-in Zebrafish
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2025
Here, we describe a protocol for generating maternal mutant that couples a stable zpc:cas9 knock-in line with Tol2-mediated delivery of sgRNA expression cassettes.
07:51
Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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Cited by 44 •
2015
Described herein is a protocol to isolate and analyze the infiltrating leukocytes of tissues at the maternal-fetal interface (uterus, decidua, and placenta) of mice. This protocol maintains the integrity of most cell surface markers and yields enough viable cells for downstream applications including flow cytometry analysis.
06:55
Assessment of Maternal Vascular Remodeling During Pregnancy in the Mouse Uterus
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Cited by 27 •
2015
This protocol describes a technique to assess changes in the maternal vasculature during pregnancy in mice. Using stereological methods, remodeling of the decidual spiral arteries is assessed quantitatively and the results confirmed qualitatively using immunohistochemistry.
FAQs
These maternal factors can alter developmental conditions before or around fertilization, directing early pathways toward male or female phenotypes. Their influence may operate through inherited maternal information, physiological signals, or features of the reproductive environment. Consequently, offspring sex can reflect interactions between maternal biology and development, rather than a single chromosome-based signal acting independently.
Several mechanisms can contribute, including the substances deposited in eggs, maternal hormones, gene products supplied by the mother, and regulation of whether or how fertilization occurs. Each mechanism affects a different stage or input into development. Together, they show that maternal control can operate through both biological provisioning and reproductive processes.
Chromosome-based models emphasize information carried by the offspring’s own genome, whereas maternal sex determination gives the mother’s genotype, physiology, or reproductive setting an influential role. The distinction concerns where the decisive information originates and how it reaches development. This comparison helps identify parental effects that would be missed by examining offspring chromosomes alone.
When maternal genotype, physiology, egg contents, hormones, gene products, or fertilization control differ among reproductive settings, the developmental inputs received by offspring may also differ. Those differences can shift the balance of male and female phenotypes within offspring groups. Sex-ratio variation therefore provides a useful outcome for examining how maternal effects shape reproduction.
Research can relate maternal genotype, physiology, and reproductive environment to the sex or developmental phenotype of offspring, while considering the maternal contributions supplied through eggs, hormones, gene products, or fertilization control. This approach connects maternal conditions with developmental outcomes. It can reveal whether sex-ratio differences reflect parental effects rather than offspring chromosomes alone.
The system links maternal influence with the distribution of male and female offspring, making it relevant to evolutionary questions about reproductive strategies. Patterns in maternal control may help explain why sex ratios vary and how reproductive systems interact with development. In biology, this perspective connects inheritance and parental effects with broader evolutionary change.
Because maternal factors can influence offspring sex, shifts in maternal physiology or reproductive environments may affect the sex composition of offspring groups. Over time, such variation can inform studies of population dynamics and species responses to changing conditions. The topic therefore connects early developmental processes with consequences that extend to populations and species.