Microprojectile Bombardment
Microprojectile Bombardment - Related Videos
07:14
A Cell-to-cell Macromolecular Transport Assay in Planta Utilizing Biolistic Bombardment
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Cited by 3 •
2010
Macromolecular trafficking between plant cells can be assessed by transiently expressing a fluorescently-tagged protein of interest and analyzing its intra- and intercellular distribution by confocal microscopy.
10:29
Measuring Gene Expression in Bombarded Barley Aleurone Layers with Increased Throughput
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Cited by 1 •
2018
An improved protocol is presented for the measurement of transient gene expression from reporter constructs in barley aleurone cells after particle bombardment. The combination of automated grain grinding with 96-well plate enzyme assays provides high throughput for the procedure.
08:26
Culturing Caenorhabditis elegans in Axenic Liquid Media and Creation of Transgenic Worms by Microparticle Bombardment
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Cited by 20 •
2014
C. elegans is usually grown on solid agar plates or in liquid cultures seeded with E. coli. To prevent bacterial byproducts from confounding toxicological and nutritional studies, we utilized an axenic liquid medium, CeHR, to grow and synchronize a large number of worms for a range of downstream applications.
10:15
Generation of Transgenic C. elegans by Biolistic Transformation
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Cited by 27 •
2010
Transgenic worms are commonly used in C. elegans research. Described is a simple, yet effective, protocol to introduce transgenes into worms using biolistic bombardment with DNA-coated gold particles. The effort involved and results of bombardment compare favorably with microinjection for the generation of transgenic animals.
03:20
Nuclear Transmutation
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2020
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
FAQs
Delivery depends on combining a physical carrier with rapid acceleration. Gold or tungsten particles are coated with DNA or other biological materials, then propelled into target tissue. Their momentum allows them to cross cell walls or membranes, after which the biological cargo is released inside cells. This mechanism supports delivery to plant tissues, animal cells, and organelles.
Gold and tungsten provide the microscopic particle carriers, while the coating associates the nucleic-acid cargo with those carriers before bombardment. The particles are therefore the penetrating component, and the coating supplies the material intended for delivery. Keeping these roles distinct helps explain how the same physical approach can introduce DNA into different biological targets.
It uses particle acceleration and physical penetration rather than relying on a biological vector to reach the target. That distinction is important in plant biology because the technique can transform species or tissues that are difficult to modify with biological vectors. Its physical delivery mechanism also supports applications beyond plants, including DNA delivery to animal cells and organelles.
An experiment begins by preparing gold or tungsten particles with the selected nucleic-acid cargo. A gene gun then accelerates the coated particles toward the chosen tissue or cells. After impact and cargo release, investigators examine the biological response, such as gene expression or transformation. The same workflow can support transient expression, stable transformation, or genome-engineering studies.
Target selection depends on the biological question and the desired delivery site. Plant tissues are a major use because the method can reach species that are difficult to modify with biological vectors. Researchers may also direct delivery to animal cells or organelles when those compartments are the focus. Thus, the target is part of the experimental design, not merely a receiving surface.
It can support transient gene expression, stable transformation for producing genetically modified organisms, and genome-engineering studies. The technique is also useful for analyzing gene function by introducing relevant nucleic acids into cells. These applications connect the delivery event to broader biological questions about gene activity, genetic modification, and the effects of introduced material in plant or animal systems.