O1 Serogroup
O1 Serogroup - Related Videos
10:03
Inducing Meningococcal Meningitis Serogroup C in Mice via Intracisternal Delivery
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Cited by 3 •
2019
Here, we describe a method to induce meningococcal meningitis through an intracisternal route of infection in adult mice. We present a step by step protocol of meningococcal infection from the preparation of inoculum to the intracisternal infection; then record the animal survival and evaluate the bacterial loads in murine tissues.
11:43
Advanced Animal Model of Colorectal Metastasis in Liver: Imaging Techniques and Properties of Metastatic Clones
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Cited by 6 •
2016
The ability of metastatic clones to colonize distant sites depends on their proliferation capacity and/or their ability to survive in the host microenvironment without significant proliferation. Here, we present an animal model that allows quantitative visualization of both types of liver colonization by metastatic clones.
11:24
Rapid Deletion Production in Fungi via Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation of OSCAR Deletion Constructs
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Cited by 8 •
2017
Gene deletion mutants generated through homologous recombination are the gold standard for gene function studies. The OSCAR (One Step Construction of Agrobacterium-Recombination-ready-plasmids) method for rapid generation of deletion constructs is described. Agrobacterium mediated fungal transformation follows. Finally, a PCR based confirmation method of gene deletions in fungal transformants is presented.
06:05
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Study Atomic Level Protein-Protein Interactions
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2025
This video describes the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy technique to study protein-protein interactions between 15N-labeled wild-type and mutant envoplakin proteins and the unlabeled vimentin protein. The successful interaction between wild-type envoplakin and vimentin leads to extensive line broadening and peak disappearance in the NMR spectra, whereas the absence of an interaction between the mutated envoplakin and vimentin results in well-resolved peaks in the NMR spectra.
11:40
Humanized Mouse Model to Study Bacterial Infections Targeting the Microvasculature
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Cited by 7 •
2014
Neisseria meningitidis is a human specific pathogen that infects blood vessels. In this protocol human microvessels are introduced into a mouse by grafting human skin onto immunocompromised mice. Bacteria adhere extensively to the human vessels, leading to vascular damage and development of the purpuric rash typically observed in human cases.
FAQs
Antibodies directed against the O1 antigen recognize matching structures on the bacterial surface. When these antibodies bind cells, they can cross-link them and produce visible agglutination. This observable reaction provides a laboratory basis for assigning a Vibrio cholerae strain to the O1 serogroup and supports diagnostic and microbiological investigation.
The O antigen is part of the lipopolysaccharide on the bacterial surface and supplies the antigenic feature used for O1 classification. Because antibody recognition targets this surface component, differences in O-antigen characteristics help distinguish serogroups. This classification connects a visible laboratory reaction with a specific structural feature of the bacterium.
Inaba and Ogawa are distinct serotypes within the O1 serogroup, reflecting additional antigenic differences recognized during laboratory characterization. Thus, identifying O1 does not provide the most detailed antigenic description by itself. Recording the serotype adds resolution for comparing strains during microbiological studies, surveillance, and investigation of cholera-associated events.
Classical and El Tor describe biotypes found among O1 strains, whereas Inaba and Ogawa describe serotypes based on additional antigenic differences. These labels represent different levels of biological characterization rather than interchangeable names. Considering both dimensions gives researchers a more informative description of circulating Vibrio cholerae strains and their relationships.
A laboratory test uses antibodies directed against the O1 antigen and bacterial cells under examination. The cells are exposed to the relevant antibodies, and the reaction is assessed for visible agglutination. When agglutination occurs, the finding supports O1 identification; further antigenic testing can then distinguish the Inaba and Ogawa serotypes.
O1 identification supports several linked activities: diagnosing cholera, conducting epidemiological surveillance, investigating outbreaks, and tracking circulating bacterial lineages. Serotype and biotype information can add further resolution to these efforts. Together, these classifications help microbiology and public-health researchers organize findings and compare strains across investigations without treating every isolate as identical.