Oral Poliovirus Vaccine
Oral Poliovirus Vaccine - Related Videos
07:06
Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
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2011
A recently developed novel particle agglutination (PA) assay utilizing virus receptor molecule allowed a rapid and easy identification of poliovirus (PV). In this article, we will show the procedure for the PA assay for PV identification.
01:51
Vaccinations
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2019
Overview Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material from pathogens to confer immunity against a specific microorganism. Vaccination primes the immune system to recognize and mount an immune response faster and more effectively if the real pathogen is encountered. Vaccinations are one of the most efficient ways to protect both individual humans and the general public from disease. A growing anti-vaccination skepticism risks the successes of vaccination programs that helped reduce...
08:10
A Liquid Phase Affinity Capture Assay Using Magnetic Beads to Study Protein-Protein Interaction: The Poliovirus-Nanobody Example
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Cited by 3 •
2012
In this article, a simple, quantitative, liquid phase affinity capture assay is presented. It is a reliable technique based on the interaction between magnetic beads and tagged proteins (e.g. nanobodies) on one hand and the affinity between the tagged protein and a second, labeled protein (e.g. poliovirus) on the other.
06:17
Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
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Cited by 27 •
2016
Here, we present a protocol for synthesizing virus-like particles using either baculovirus or mammalian expression systems, and ultracentrifugation purification. This highly customizable approach is used to identify viral antigens as vaccine targets in a safe and flexible manner.
07:33
Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
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Cited by 18 •
2014
Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination often fails to stimulate strong immune responses due to week drainage of the vaccine to lymph nodes and consequently poor involvement of immune cells. By direct injection of vaccine to lymph nodes, so-called intralymphatic injection, vaccine efficacy can be strongly improved and vaccine doses can be reduced.
FAQs
Brief replication in the intestine gives the immune system a local exposure site, helping generate mucosal defenses where poliovirus is encountered. OPV also stimulates systemic antibodies, so protection operates at more than one biological level. Together, these responses can reduce viral shedding, which matters because less shedding can limit onward person-to-person transmission.
Rare genetic reversion can change an attenuated vaccine virus into a circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus under conditions associated with inadequate immunization. The risk is therefore not simply a property of administration; it becomes a population-level concern when too few people are immunized. Maintaining broad coverage reduces the opportunity for such viruses to circulate.
Limiting viral shedding changes the infection process beyond the vaccinated person. When less poliovirus leaves an infected host, fewer opportunities exist for person-to-person transmission. This population effect helps explain why OPV has been valuable in eradication campaigns: its success is measured not only by protection from paralytic disease but also by reduced circulation.
OPV is delivered by mouth, making administration straightforward for large public-health campaigns. Its oral delivery is one reason the vaccine can be used efficiently in settings where many people must be reached. The relevant biological result is brief intestinal replication, which initiates the protective response and supports immunity at the site associated with poliovirus transmission.
Low cost, easy administration, and effectiveness at interrupting person-to-person spread have made OPV particularly useful in global polio-control campaigns. These features matter operationally as well as biologically: programs can reach large populations while targeting the transmission pathway that sustains circulation. Its value therefore extends beyond protection of individual recipients.
Ongoing surveillance helps eradication programs remain alert to circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, particularly where vaccination coverage is insufficient. It complements immunization rather than replacing it: vaccination reduces the susceptible population and transmission potential, while surveillance provides awareness of the viral situation. This combination is important when using OPV at population scale.