Oxyhemoglobin

Oxyhemoglobin is the oxygen-bound form of hemoglobin, the red blood cell protein that transports oxygen through the circulatory system and supports aerobic metabolism. In the lungs, oxygen binds reversibly to iron-containing heme groups within hemoglobin; this binding is cooperative, so attachment of one oxygen molecule increases hemoglobin’s affinity for additional oxygen molecules, while lower oxygen levels in tissues promote release. Oxyhemoglobin therefore helps match oxygen delivery to cellular demand and contributes to the characteristic color of oxygen-rich blood. Its formation and dissociation are central to studying respiration, blood physiology, gas exchange, and oxygen transport in biology.

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Research

JoVE Journal - Biology

Exploring Cognitive Functions in Babies, Children & Adults with Near Infrared Spectroscopy

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Cited by 32 •

2009

Here we describe a data collection and data analysis method for functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a novel non-invasive brain imaging system used in cognitive neuroscience, particularly in studying child brain development. This method provides a universal standard of data acquisition and analysis vital to data interpretation and scientific discovery.

Research

JoVE Journal - Behavior
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Using Fiberless, Wearable fNIRS to Monitor Brain Activity in Real-world Cognitive Tasks

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Cited by 162 •

2015

Monitoring brain activity outside the lab without physical constraints presents methodological challenges. A fiberless, wearable functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) system was used to measure brain activity during an ecological prospective memory task. It was demonstrated that this system could be used to monitor brain activity during non-lab based experiments.

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Recording Brain Activity During Social Interactions

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2025

Source: Reindl, V., et al. Conducting Hyperscanning Experiments with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. J. Vis. Exp. (2019) This video demonstrates the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure brain activity during social interactions. Participants engage in a coordinated task that increases activity in the prefrontal cortex, a region critical for social behavior, while the system detects changes in light absorption due to blood oxygenation. By analyzing the synchrony...

Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy

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Cited by 27 •

2011

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is an emerging technology capable of imaging optical absorption contrasts in vivo with cellular resolution and sensitivity. Here, we provide a visualized instruction on the experimental protocols of OR-PAM, including system configuration, system alignment, typical in vivo experimental procedures, and functional imaging schemes.

Soft Pneumatic Robot Modulates Graph Theory Metrics of Brain Network for Hand Rehabilitation After Stroke

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2025

This study explores the effects of a configurable soft pneumatic robot on enhancing whole-brain network topology post-stroke. Graph theory analysis indicates significant improvements in clustering coefficient, path length, and global efficiency. Findings highlight the potential of programmable robotic protocols to modulate neuroplasticity and optimize functional recovery in stroke rehabilitation.

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