Papillary Muscles
Papillary Muscles - Related Videos
06:22
Contractility Measurements on Isolated Papillary Muscles for the Investigation of Cardiac Inotropy in Mice
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Cited by 14 •
2015
Murine left ventricular papillary muscle can be used to investigate cardiac contractility in vitro. This article describes in detail the isolation and experimental protocols to study cardiac contractile characteristics.
01:11
Papillary Dermis
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2025
Dermis The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts. Papillary Layer The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
10:10
Robotic Duodenum-preserving Total Pancreatic Head Resection for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
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2026
This protocol presents robotic duodenum-preserving total pancreatic head resection (R-DPPHRt) for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). A video demonstrates the technique in a patient with main duct-IPMN, highlighting its feasibility as a minimally invasive, organ-preserving alternative to pancreaticoduodenectomy.
14:02
Ex Vivo Assessment of Contractility, Fatigability and Alternans in Isolated Skeletal Muscles
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Cited by 53 •
2012
We describe a method to directly measure muscle force, muscle power, contractile kinetics and fatigability of isolated skeletal muscles in an in vitro system using field stimulation. Valuable information on Ca2+ handling properties and contractile machinery of the muscle can be obtained using different stimulating protocols.
14:36
Evaluation of Muscle Function of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle Ex vivo and Tibialis Anterior Muscle In situ in Mice
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Cited by 75 •
2013
Changes in limb muscle contractile and passive mechanical properties are important biomarkers for muscle diseases. This manuscript describes physiological assays to measure these properties in the murine extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior muscles.
FAQs
The critical timing is that papillary muscles contract together with the surrounding ventricular myocardium as ventricular pressure rises. This synchronized shortening increases tension in the chordae tendineae while the ventricle generates force for forward blood movement. Coordinated activity therefore supports stable atrioventricular valve closure during the pressure changes of each heartbeat.
Chordae tendineae provide the fibrous connection between papillary muscles and the leaflets of the mitral or tricuspid valve. When the muscles contract, tension is transmitted through these cords to the valve leaflets, helping stabilize the cusps. Without this mechanical linkage, the leaflets could invert toward the atria when ventricular pressure increases.
Their main contribution is mechanical stabilization of the atrioventricular valve cusps during ventricular pressure elevation. By tightening the attached chordae tendineae, they help keep the leaflets aligned rather than allowing them to turn inward toward the atria. This supports effective valve closure and limits backward movement of blood while the ventricles drive flow into the arteries.
Damage or rupture can prevent the attached valve leaflets from remaining properly supported during ventricular pressure elevation. The resulting impairment of closure may allow blood to move backward, a condition described as regurgitation. Because inefficient closure disrupts normal cardiac flow, papillary muscle injury can also contribute to heart failure.
Ischemia is identified in the source as a form of papillary muscle injury that can impair valve closure. If the affected muscle cannot provide normal support through the chordae tendineae, the valve cusps may fail to remain stable as ventricular pressure rises. This creates a potential pathway from muscle injury to regurgitation and reduced cardiac performance.
In biology, they illustrate how cardiac muscle, fibrous connective structures, pressure changes, and valve leaflets operate as one coordinated system. In medicine, their condition matters because damage, ischemia, or rupture can disrupt atrioventricular valve closure. Studying these relationships helps connect microscopic or structural abnormalities with regurgitation and the development of heart failure.