Plasmid Injection
Plasmid Injection - Related Videos
10:34
Gene Delivery to Postnatal Rat Brain by Non-ventricular Plasmid Injection and Electroporation
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Cited by 12 •
2010
This protocol describes a non-viral method of delivery of genetic constructs to a certain area of living rodent brain. The method consists of plasmid preparation, micropipette fabrication, neonatal rat pup surgery, microinjection of the construct, and in vivo electroporation.
08:16
Plasmid Purification
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2023
Plasmid purification is a technique used to isolate and purify plasmid DNA from genomic DNA, proteins, ribosomes, and the bacterial cell wall. A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA that is used as a carrier of specific DNA molecules. When introduced into a host organism via transformation, a plasmid will be replicated, creating numerous copies of the DNA fragment under study. In this video, a step-by-step generalized procedure is described for how to perform plasmid purification.
05:19
In Utero Electroporation Based Gene Delivery: A Technique to Inject Plasmid DNA into Embryonic Cerebellar Cells of Murine Embryos
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2025
This video demonstrates the delivery of plasmid DNA into cerebellar neuronal cells of murine embryos using in utero electroporation. This method is useful to gain understanding of in vivo function of genes in normal brain development and the changes in gene expression of neuron cells during tumor progression.
12:41
In ovo Electroporation of miRNA-based Plasmids in the Developing Neural Tube and Assessment of Phenotypes by DiI Injection in Open-book Preparations
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Cited by 27 •
2012
A method by which gene expression in the neural tube can be downregulated in a cell type-specific, traceable manner is described. We demonstrate how in ovo electroporation of microRNA-based plasmids that elicit spatiotemporally controlled RNA interference can be used to investigate commissural axon guidance in the developing neural tube.
01:28
Plasmids
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2025
Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
FAQs
After delivery, plasmid DNA may remain extrachromosomal, allowing temporary activity, or, in some systems, become incorporated into the genome. In either case, cellular machinery transcribes the encoded genes, but persistence and integration represent different experimental outcomes. Distinguishing them helps researchers separate short-term expression from the generation of genetically modified cells or organisms.
The plasmid’s encoded genes and regulatory sequences shape what can be learned from an injection. Regulatory sequences can be analyzed to examine how gene expression is controlled, while the encoded gene can support production of a desired protein or reveal gene function. Plasmid design therefore connects the introduced DNA to the biological question and the measurable expression outcome.
Injection accuracy, delivery conditions, and the recipient cell’s ability to express introduced DNA jointly influence results. Even when the plasmid reaches the intended cell, expression may vary if cellular machinery does not efficiently transcribe its genes. Considering these variables is essential when interpreting weak, inconsistent, or absent expression, because the outcome may reflect delivery or cellular response rather than the gene being studied.
A basic procedure selects a plasmid carrying the sequence of interest, places it in a plasmid solution, and uses a fine needle to deliver that solution into the recipient cell. The operator targets either the cytoplasm or nucleus, depending on the experimental design. Subsequent analysis examines whether the introduced genes are transcribed and what biological outcome follows.
Plasmid injection supports several distinct applications in biology. It can provide transient gene expression for short-term studies, help generate genetically modified cells or organisms when genomic incorporation occurs, and enable production of a desired protein. Researchers can also use it to analyze regulatory sequences and investigate gene function. These applications connect the method to different experimental questions.
To study gene regulation, researchers can introduce DNA containing regulatory sequences and then assess whether the encoded genes are transcribed. This approach connects a sequence-level question with a cellular output: expression by the recipient cell. It is useful for examining regulatory control while also accounting for delivery accuracy, plasmid design, and the cell’s expression capacity.