Ssea-3 Ssea-4
Ssea-3 Ssea-4 - Related Videos
03:50
From MEFs to Matrigel 3: Passaging hESCs from Matrigel onto Matrigel
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Cited by 3 •
2008
This video demonstrates how to maintain the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in feeder cell-free conditions and how to continuously passage hESCs in feeder cell-free conditions. Confirmation of hESC pluripotency grown in feeder cell-free conditions by immunofluorescence microscopy is also demonstrated. Part 3 of 3.
11:13
Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology
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Cited by 9 •
2016
As high-consequence pathogens can potentially infect subjects through airborne particles, aerobiology has been increasingly applied in pathogenesis research and medical countermeasure development. We present a detailed visual demonstration of aerobiology procedures during an aerosol challenge in nonhuman primates in an animal biosafety level 4 maximum containment environment.
![The Synthesis of [Sn<sub>10</sub>(Si(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup> Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F54498.jpg%3Fv%3D2026-09-28%252016%253A08%253A49&w=750&q=75)
12:43
The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
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Cited by 3 •
2016
The disproportionation reaction of a metastable Sn(I) chloride solution, obtained via the preparative co-condensation technique, is used for the synthesis of a metalloid tin cluster compound.
08:30
Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
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Cited by 31 •
2017
Here, we present a protocol to adjust the properties of solution-processed CH3NH3PbI3 through the incorporation of monovalent cation additives in order to achieve highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
09:36
Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 4. Medical Imaging Procedures
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Cited by 8 •
2016
Here, we present an overview of the preparation and animal handling procedures required to safely perform medical imaging in an animal biosafety level 4 laboratory. Computed tomography of a mock-infected guinea pig illustrates these procedures that may be used to evaluate the disease caused by a high consequence pathogen.
FAQs
Their surface expression changes as cells move between developmental or differentiated states. Antibodies detect the carbohydrate epitopes displayed on the plasma membrane, so a change in staining can indicate that the cell population has altered its identity or developmental status. This makes the markers useful for following cellular transitions rather than treating antigen detection as a permanent label.
SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 are distinguished by the carbohydrate structures recognized on cell-surface glycosphingolipids. Antibody binding therefore reports which epitopes are present at a given stage. Examining the two markers together can provide a more informative profile of a population than relying on a single surface signal, particularly when cells are changing during development, reprogramming, or differentiation.
Different detection patterns indicate that the corresponding carbohydrate epitopes are not expressed identically across a cell population or developmental state. The result should therefore be interpreted as a marker profile rather than as a universal designation of cell identity. Comparing SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 patterns helps researchers distinguish cellular states and track how those states change over time.
Because expression changes during differentiation, loss or altered detection can indicate that cells have moved away from a prior developmental state. Conversely, measurements during reprogramming can help assess whether the culture is acquiring characteristics associated with embryonic or induced pluripotent cells. These markers provide evidence about population composition and state, rather than independently proving that every cell has fully changed identity.
Researchers apply antibodies against the relevant surface carbohydrate epitopes and examine the resulting signal by immunostaining or flow cytometry. Immunostaining shows marker distribution within the examined cells, whereas flow cytometry measures marker-positive and marker-negative populations at the cell-analysis level. These approaches allow cultures to be characterized while preserving the distinction between different cellular states.
Sorting is useful when a culture contains cells with different marker profiles and researchers need to separate those populations for further characterization. Antibody-based flow sorting can enrich cells according to detected SSEA-3 or SSEA-4 expression. The resulting fractions can then support analysis of culture composition, developmental status, reprogramming progress, or differentiation-associated changes.
SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 help researchers evaluate embryonic stem-cell and induced pluripotent stem-cell cultures, as well as developing cell populations. Monitoring their presence or loss supports assessment of cellular identity and differentiation. In regenerative medicine and disease modeling, this information helps investigators judge the composition and developmental status of cultures used for downstream biological studies.