Surrogate Marker Quantification
Surrogate Marker Quantification - Related Videos
08:16
Preparation and Analysis of In Vitro Three Dimensional Breast Carcinoma Surrogates
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Cited by 6 •
2016
We demonstrate a method to generate 3D breast cancer surrogates, which can be cultured using a perfusion bioreactor system to deliver oxygen and nutrients. Following growth, surrogates are fixed and processed to paraffin for evaluation of parameters of interest. The evaluation of one such parameter, cell density, is explained.
08:37
Microglia as a Surrogate Biosensor to Determine Nanoparticle Neurotoxicity
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Cited by 16 •
2016
Microglia (immune cells of the brain), are used as a surrogate biosensor to determine how nanoparticles influence neurotoxicity. We describe a series of experiments designed to assay microglial response to nanoparticles and exposure of hypothalamic neurons to supernatant from activated microglia to determine neurotoxicity.
08:45
Duplex Digital PCR for Simultaneous Quantification of Dual Genetic Markers
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the duplex digital PCR (ddPCR) technique — a modification of the traditional PCR technique that is useful in detecting two different genetic markers simultaneously. A single PCR reaction is partitioned into nanoliter-sized emulsified droplets that are independently amplified, and the detection of differently colored fluorescence amplification signals from the fraction of droplets is used to compute the initial concentration of the target sequences.
12:14
A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters
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Cited by 14 •
2016
This manuscript describes a duplex digital PCR assay that can be used to simultaneously quantify Enterococcus spp. and the HF183 genetic markers as indicators of general and human-associated fecal contamination in recreational waters.
13:26
Visualization and Quantification of Mesenchymal Cell Adipogenic Differentiation Potential with a Lineage Specific Marker
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Cited by 15 •
2018
Traditional methods of assessing adipogenic differentiation are cheap and easy to use, but are not specific to changes in gene expression. We have developed an assay to quantify mesenchymal cell differentiation into mature adipocytes using a lineage specific marker. This assay has diverse applications across basic research and clinical medicine.
FAQs
Suitability depends on whether measured changes reliably reflect the outcome of interest, rather than merely correlating with it. Validation examines how marker behavior corresponds to a clinical, physiological, or experimental outcome under relevant defined conditions. Without this evidence, a measured concentration or activity may indicate a biological change but remain an unreliable substitute for the primary outcome.
Immunoassays and molecular analyses provide ways to detect the biological marker in collected samples. A calibrated measurement method then relates the assay result to the marker’s concentration or activity. This combination converts detection into quantitative information that can be compared across defined experimental conditions, supporting assessment of disease processes, treatment responses, or cellular changes.
Defined conditions establish the context in which a marker’s concentration or activity can be interpreted. The same measurement is meaningful only in relation to the biological process or outcome being assessed. Specifying those conditions helps connect assay results with the intended clinical, physiological, or experimental question and supports more careful evaluation of whether the marker reflects that outcome.
The workflow begins with collecting a biological sample relevant to the question, followed by detecting the marker with an assay such as an immunoassay or molecular analysis. A calibrated method is then applied to determine concentration or activity under defined conditions. The resulting measurement can be evaluated against the outcome the marker is intended to represent.
It is useful when the direct clinical, physiological, or experimental outcome is difficult, slow, or invasive to measure. Quantifying an associated biological indicator can provide a practical way to track changes while the primary outcome remains challenging to obtain. Its value still depends on validation showing that the marker reliably represents the outcome rather than simply changing alongside it.
In biology, these measurements can help track disease processes, evaluate treatment responses, or monitor changes in cellular function. The result is a quantitative indicator of marker concentration or activity that can be examined under defined conditions. Interpretation should remain tied to validation, because a change in the marker does not automatically establish an equivalent change in the primary biological outcome.