Tumor Immune Response
Tumor Immune Response - Related Videos
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Humoral Immune Responses
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2019
Overview The humoral immune response, also known as the antibody-mediated immune response, targets pathogens circulating in “humors,” or extracellular fluids, such as blood and lymph. Antibodies target invading pathogens for destruction via multiple defense mechanisms, including neutralization, opsonization, and activation of the complement system. Patients that are impaired in the production of antibodies suffer from severe and frequent infections by common pathogens and unusual pathogens. B...
Isolation of Immune Cells from Primary Tumors
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Cited by 18 •
2012
In this report, we describe a protocol for isolating highly purified populations of leukocytes that infiltrate tumors. This protocol is adapted from the Miltenyi Biotech protocol to enhance yield and purity for isolating cells from complex tumor tissue.
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Transplantation of Zebrafish Pediatric Brain Tumors into Immune-competent Hosts for Long-term Study of Tumor Cell Behavior and Drug Response
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Cited by 22 •
2017
The transplantation of cancer cells is an important tool for the identification of cancer mechanisms and therapeutic responses. Current techniques depend on immune-incompetent animals. Here, we describe a method to transplant zebrafish tumor cells into immune-competent embryos for the long-term analysis of tumor cell behavior and in vivo drug responses.
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Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
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Cited by 19 •
2021
In the age of immunotherapy and single-cell genomic profiling, cancer biology requires novel in vitro and computational tools for investigating the tumor-immune interface in a proper spatiotemporal context. We describe protocols to exploit tumor-immune microfluidic co-cultures in 2D and 3D settings, compatible with dynamic, multiparametric monitoring of cellular functions.
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An Orthotopic Model of Serous Ovarian Cancer in Immunocompetent Mice for in vivo Tumor Imaging and Monitoring of Tumor Immune Responses
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Cited by 18 •
2010
To study in vivo tumor growth and tumor microenvironment, we used a syngeneic and orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer in immunocompetent animals. We transduced a mouse tumor cell line (MOV1) with Katushka fluorescent protein (MOV1KAT) and here we show its orthotopic implantation in ovary and in vivo imaging.
FAQs
Antigen presentation provides a communication step between abnormal tumor cells and T cells. Tumor-associated antigens can be displayed for immune recognition, allowing cytotoxic lymphocytes to become activated and target cells carrying those signals. This interaction helps explain how immune surveillance can detect developing cancer and why antigen visibility is central when evaluating immune control.
Checkpoint molecules can restrain an otherwise active immune response. In tumors, engagement of inhibitory pathways involving PD-1 or CTLA-4 may reduce the effectiveness of T-cell activity, allowing abnormal cells to persist. This mechanism distinguishes immune escape caused by suppressive signaling from escape caused by limited antigen visibility during tumor recognition.
Reduced antigen visibility makes abnormal cells harder for immune cells to recognize, whereas inhibitory checkpoints weaken immune activity after recognition-related interactions occur. These mechanisms interfere with different stages of immune control. Separating them helps researchers interpret why immune surveillance fails and why tumors may continue progressing despite the presence of immune cells.
Studying these interactions helps clarify how immune surveillance fails as abnormal cells develop into cancer. Researchers can examine whether tumors remain visible to immune cells, whether cytotoxic lymphocytes are activated, and whether inhibitory signaling limits their activity. This biological context connects immune-cell behavior with tumor progression and supports the search for effective treatment strategies.
These treatments address immune control in different ways. Checkpoint inhibitors are associated with blocking inhibitory pathways involving PD-1 or CTLA-4, while engineered immune-cell treatments use modified immune cells as a therapeutic approach. Both applications arise from understanding how tumors avoid immune destruction, but they target distinct aspects of the interaction between tumors and immune cells.
Biomarkers can help researchers identify features associated with treatment response or resistance. In the tumor immune response, these indicators may relate to antigen recognition, immune-cell activity, or inhibitory checkpoint interactions. Their use supports more informed evaluation of immunotherapies and helps explain why a treatment may benefit some tumors while showing limited effectiveness in others.