A gene-specific primer targets the known portion of a rearranged genomic sequence or transcript, while a universal primer binds an adapter-linked or otherwise known sequence on the other side. Because the second primer does not require a predefined partner sequence, amplification can proceed even when that fusion partner was not anticipated, supporting broader detection of gene rearrangements.
Gene-specific primers determine which genes or sequence regions are selected for amplification. Universal primers recognize the shared adapter-derived or otherwise known sequence and provide a common amplification partner across targets. This division of roles allows one assay design to interrogate multiple candidate genes while retaining the ability to recover rearrangements involving different, previously unspecified partners.
Multiplexing allows many targets to be amplified in parallel rather than processing each gene alteration separately. When combined with next-generation sequencing, this design supports simultaneous assessment of rearrangements, mutations, and other sequence alterations from the same assay. The result can be broader molecular profiling while making efficient use of limited tumor material.
The workflow begins with DNA or RNA-derived complementary DNA, followed by preparation that provides an adapter-ligated or otherwise known sequence for universal-primer binding. Gene-specific and universal primers then amplify selected regions in parallel, and the resulting targeted products can be analyzed with next-generation sequencing. This sequence connects sample preparation, multiplex amplification, and molecular interpretation.
Anchored multiplex PCR can be performed using DNA or RNA-derived complementary DNA as the starting molecular material. That flexibility allows the assay to address sequence alterations present in genomic DNA as well as information represented in RNA transcripts after conversion to cDNA. The selected input therefore depends on which molecular form is available from the tissue and relevant to the analysis.
The method is particularly useful when tumor tissue is limited or when the possible fusion partner is not known in advance. Its broad partner detection can contribute to molecular diagnosis, tumor classification, and biomarker discovery. By identifying oncogenic fusions and actionable variants, the resulting profile can also inform selection of targeted therapies.