Operando Xps
Operando Xps - Related Videos
07:44
Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation
0 Views •
Cited by 20 •
2017
A protocol to avoid the oxidation of metallic substrates during sample transfer from an inhibited acidic solution to an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer is presented.
06:24
Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis
0 Views •
Cited by 14 •
2020
A number of different procedures for preparing nanoparticles for surface analysis are presented (drop casting, spin coating, deposition from powders, and cryofixation). We discuss the challenges, opportunities, and possible applications of each method, particularly regarding the changes in the surface properties caused by the different preparation methods.
07:42
Coin Cell Battery Chamber Design for Low-temperature Operando Experiments
0 Views •
Cited by 1 •
2026
A design is presented to enable cost-effective low-temperature battery cycling for 2032 coin cells in a low-humidity environment. Cells are cycled at 0 °C inside a chamber cooled by thermoelectric modules. This simple design can be adapted for experiments that require similar thermal and humidity-controlled environments or different battery geometries.
06:48
Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy for operando Studies of Reaction and Transport Phenomena during Silicate Glass Corrosion
0 Views •
Cited by 1 •
2025
Fluid-cell Raman Spectroscopy (FCRS) enables in operando observations of reaction and transport phenomena during the aqueous corrosion of silicate glasses at a microscopic level, at elevated temperatures, and in real-time. Without interrupting ongoing processes, FCRS provides information about reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and transport processes.
09:36
In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
0 Views •
Cited by 2 •
2018
The incorporation of reference electrodes in a Li-ion battery provides valuable information to elucidate degradation mechanisms at high voltages. In this article, we present a cell design that accommodates multiple reference electrodes, along with the assembly steps to assure maximum accuracy of the data obtained in electrochemical measurements.
FAQs
It uses the kinetic energies of emitted photoelectrons to identify surface elements and their chemical states. Comparing spectra over time under controlled conditions can reveal oxidation-state changes and adsorbed intermediates. Because measurements occur while the material functions, these signals can be associated with the surface state present during operation rather than only with a sample examined before or after use.
These variables reproduce the environment in which the material normally operates and can change its surface chemistry. Adjusting them allows researchers to observe how operating conditions influence oxidation states, adsorbed intermediates, and surface reconstruction. This connection is important because the chemically relevant surface may differ substantially between an inactive material and the same material under catalytic, electrochemical, or battery conditions.
Time-resolved spectra show how surface signals evolve as operation proceeds. Researchers can follow the appearance or disappearance of oxidation states and adsorbed intermediates, then relate those changes to shifts in the material’s working behavior. This temporal information helps distinguish persistent surface features from transient species and supports interpretation of possible reaction pathways in chemistry-focused studies.
A sample is irradiated with X-rays while the measurement system records the kinetic energies of emitted photoelectrons. At the same time, the instrument maintains selected gases or liquids, temperature, or applied potential to reproduce working conditions. Spectra collected during operation are then compared across time and conditions to identify changes in elemental composition, chemical states, and surface structure.
The technique is particularly useful for catalysts, electrocatalysts, and battery materials because each system can undergo chemically important surface changes during operation. In catalysis, measurements can track intermediates and active-site behavior. In electrocatalysis and batteries, controlled liquids or applied potentials help connect evolving surface chemistry with the material’s operating state and performance.
Operando XPS can help identify active sites, propose reaction pathways, and recognize degradation processes by linking surface chemistry with performance. Observed oxidation-state changes, adsorbed intermediates, or surface reconstruction provide chemical evidence for how a material behaves while functioning. These findings can guide design principles for improving materials used in catalytic, electrochemical, and battery-related research.