Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Bladder Outlet Obstruction - Related Videos
07:42
Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction (NeMO) in Female Small Rodents
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Cited by 7 •
2017
Traditional modeling of partial bladder outlet obstruction in rodents is fraught with animal mortality. A denervation injury from dissection around the proximal urethra and bladder neck is also of major concern. We developed and evaluated a safe and reliable mid-urethral obstruction model, avoiding the shortcomings of the traditional model.
02:19
Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Murine Model: A Surgical Procedure to Obstruct the Urinary Flow from a Kidney in Mouse Models
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2023
This video demonstrates the procedure to generate a unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model. The procedure involves cutting one of the ureters of the mouse to obstruct urine flow.
14:05
A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
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Cited by 47 •
2014
The murine model of irreversible unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) is presented together with the model of reversible UUO in which the ureteric obstruction is relieved by anastomosis of the severed ureter into the bladder. These models enable the study of renal inflammation and scarring as well as tissue remodeling.
04:15
Bladder Tumor Organoid Model: A Method for Orthotopic Transplantation of Bladder Organoids into Recipient Murine Bladder
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2023
In this video, we describe the orthotopic transplantation of cultured bladder tumor organoids into the murine bladder to study the role of the organ environment on developing tumors.
11:46
Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice
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Cited by 19 •
2014
Approximately 3-8 million people in the United States suffer from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), a debilitating condition characterized in part by pelvic pain. In order to study nervous system contributions to the condition, a physiological model of urinary bladder pain is used in mice and rats.
FAQs
As resistance to urinary flow rises, the detrusor muscle must generate greater pressure to move urine out of the bladder. This increased workload may initially support emptying, but persistent pressure can contribute to bladder dysfunction. Clinically, the resulting changes help explain why patients may develop hesitancy, a weak stream, incomplete emptying, or urinary retention.
The narrowed or blocked outlet makes it harder for urine to leave the bladder efficiently. The bladder responds by contracting more forcefully, which raises pressure within the urinary tract. When emptying remains inadequate, that pressure and retained urine can contribute to progressive bladder problems and may place the upper urinary tract at risk.
Benign prostatic enlargement, urethral stricture, urinary stones, and tumors are listed causes, but they can obstruct flow through different anatomic sites or mechanisms. This distinction matters clinically because identifying the underlying cause, rather than focusing only on the weak stream or retention, is necessary for selecting an appropriate management strategy.
The degree of blockage and its persistence influence how difficult bladder emptying becomes and how much pressure the urinary tract must withstand. Ongoing incomplete emptying or retention can promote bladder dysfunction, while elevated pressure may contribute to upper urinary tract damage. Recognizing these consequences supports timely clinical evaluation and treatment planning.
Assessment may combine a medical history, physical examination, urinalysis, uroflowmetry, post-void residual measurement, and imaging. These approaches provide complementary information about symptoms, examination findings, urine-related abnormalities, urinary flow, remaining bladder volume after voiding, and urinary tract structure. Together, they help clinicians investigate the cause and guide treatment.
Uroflowmetry assesses urinary flow during voiding, while post-void residual measurement determines how much urine remains afterward. Used together, they help evaluate whether bladder emptying is effective and whether symptoms such as weak stream, incomplete emptying, or retention warrant further investigation. Their findings can be interpreted alongside history, examination, and imaging.
Evaluation is important when urinary hesitancy, weak stream, incomplete emptying, or retention suggests that voiding is impaired. Clinicians use the assessment to identify causes such as benign prostatic enlargement, urethral stricture, stones, or tumors and to guide treatment. This approach also aims to prevent infection, bladder dysfunction, and damage to the upper urinary tract.