Tail Bud Culture
Tail Bud Culture - Related Videos
13:37
Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture
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Cited by 34 •
2012
This protocol illustrates a harvesting technique for coccygeal bovine intervertebral discs for organ culture for in vitro organ culture.
06:35
Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues
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Cited by 95 •
2016
We describe a simple and quick experimental procedure for generating primary fibroblasts from the ears and tails of mice. The procedure does not require special animal training and can be used for the generation of fibroblast cultures from ears stored at RT for up to 10 days.
10:17
The Tail Suspension Test
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Cited by 534 •
2012
The tail-suspension test is validated as an experimental procedure to assess antidepressant efficacy of drug treatments in mice. Mice are suspended by their tails for six minutes and escape-related behaviors are assessed. We describe procedures used in conducting the tail suspension test.
15:02
Analysis of the Development of a Morphological Phenotype as a Function of Protein Concentration in Budding Yeast
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Cited by 1 •
2010
Gene deletion and protein overexpression are common methods for studying functions of proteins. In this article, we describe a protocol for analysis of phenotype development as a function of protein concentration at population and single-cell levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
00:49
The Tongue and Taste Buds
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2025
The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells. Gustatory receptor cells extend finger-like projections called gustatory hairs (or microvilli) into a region known as the taste pore.
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These cellular behaviors operate as a coordinated process rather than as isolated events. Proliferation supplies additional cells, migration positions them within the developing posterior tissue, and differentiation gives them distinct developmental roles. Because the cultured tissue preserves local signaling interactions, researchers can examine how changes in one behavior influence axial elongation and posterior patterning.
Maintaining neuromesodermal progenitors helps explain how posterior embryonic tissue continues generating structures associated with the developing body axis. Tail bud culture provides a setting in which researchers can examine how local signals support or alter this progenitor state. This is important for linking the persistence of progenitor populations with later tissue differentiation and axial development.
Local signaling interactions coordinate the behavior of neighboring cells and help connect molecular pathways with tissue-level changes. In culture, researchers can experimentally manipulate genes, signals, or environmental conditions and then observe effects on proliferation, migration, differentiation, and patterning. This controlled relationship makes it possible to investigate how signaling changes may redirect posterior development.
The core workflow begins with dissecting the tail bud from a developing embryo and transferring the posterior tissue into culture medium. The explant is then maintained under controlled laboratory conditions while its continued development is observed or experimentally altered. Researchers can compare outcomes after manipulating genes, signaling inputs, or environmental conditions relevant to axial formation.
Researchers can follow axial elongation, neuromesodermal progenitor maintenance, and tissue patterning as measurable developmental outcomes. Observing these processes together helps reveal how molecular changes produce coordinated tissue behaviors. The system therefore supports analysis of both cellular activity and larger-scale body-axis formation, rather than limiting investigation to gene activity alone.
Tail bud culture offers a controlled platform for testing how altered genes, signaling pathways, or environmental conditions influence vertebrate development. Researchers can connect those perturbations with changes in posterior tissue behavior and body-axis formation. This makes the method useful for investigating developmental mechanisms that may contribute to congenital anomalies while separating specific influences from the broader embryonic environment.