Fungal Biofilms
Fungal Biofilms - Related Videos
04:14
Establishing a Fungal-Bacterial Co-culture for Biofilm Formation
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2026
Source: Miquel Guennoc, C., et al. New Method for Qualitative Multi-scale Analysis of Bacterial Biofilms on Filamentous Fungal Colonies Using Confocal and Electron Microscopy. J. Vis. Exp. (2017)This video demonstrates the preparation of a fungal culture on treated cellophane membranes to support colony formation and radial growth. It then shows the cultivation and preparation of soil bacterial cells for interaction assays. Finally, it illustrates how bacterial cells adhere to the fungal colony...
04:37
A Method for Sample Preparation to Visualize Biofilm Forming Bacteria on Fungal Hyphae
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2025
This video describes a method to grow and qualitatively analyze bacterial biofilms on fungal hyphae using microscopy. Bacterial biofilms frequently form on fungal surfaces and involve numerous bacterial-fungal interaction processes, such as metabolic cooperation, competition, or predation.
03:51
Establishing Bacterial–Fungal Cross-Kingdom Biofilms for Studying Oral Pathogenesis
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2026
Source: Schlafer, S, and Frost Kristensen, M. Monitoring Extracellular pH in Cross-Kingdom Biofilms using Confocal Microscopy. J. Vis. Exp. (2020)This video demonstrates the cultivation of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans cross-kingdom biofilms under oral-like conditions to model bacterial–fungal interactions, enabling the study of microbial synergy, glucan-mediated adhesion, and acidogenic virulence in oral pathogenesis.
03:57
Microtiter Dish Biofilm Formation Assay
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Cited by 2243 •
2011
The assay describes a rapid means to measure early biofilm formation in bacteria and fungi. This method uses a microtiter plate as the substratum for microbial biofilm formation, and the biofilm is visualized using crystal violet strain. The assay provides either a qualitative or quantitative assay for early biofilm formation.
08:52
Live-cell Video Microscopy of Fungal Pathogen Phagocytosis
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Cited by 22 •
2013
We describe methods for live-cell video microscopy of Candida albicans phagocytosis by macrophages. These methods enable stage-specific analysis of macrophage migration, recognition, engulfment and phagosome maturation and reveal novel aspects of phagocytosis.
FAQs
Development proceeds through linked changes rather than a single event: fungal cells first adhere to a living or nonliving surface, then proliferate, produce extracellular matrix, and alter gene expression and metabolism. Tracking these stages helps investigators connect early colonization with the later persistence and treatment tolerance seen in infection-associated communities.
The extracellular matrix is important because it surrounds the attached community and contributes to protection from antifungal drugs and immune attack. This protective environment helps explain why targeting individual fungal cells may not eliminate the entire community. Studying matrix-associated tolerance can therefore guide strategies for more effective treatment and infection control.
Changes in gene expression and metabolism allow cells within a biofilm to function differently from fungi outside that community. These shifts are linked to increased tolerance to antifungal drugs and immune attack, making persistence a biological outcome to investigate rather than only a problem of drug delivery. This perspective is central to infection-focused immunology.
A useful investigation follows the sequence of surface adhesion, cell proliferation, extracellular-matrix production, and altered gene expression or metabolism. Researchers can then relate those features to tolerance of antifungal drugs and immune attack. This approach connects observable community development with persistent infection and supports interpretation of infection-related findings.
Fungal biofilms deserve particular attention when infection involves medical devices, mucosal surfaces, or damaged tissues, because these settings are identified as contexts in which eradication can be difficult. Including biofilm-associated persistence in diagnostic and therapeutic thinking can support improved diagnostics, antifungal therapies, and device-associated infection prevention.
It provides a framework for examining the interaction between organized fungal growth and host immune attack. Because the community state can increase tolerance to immune clearance, research can focus not only on killing fungi directly but also on strategies that strengthen host clearance. This links microbial persistence with immune-based infection control.