Gene Modification
Gene Modification - Related Videos
02:32
Histone Modification
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2020
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression. Acetylation The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
11:16
Preparation and Gene Modification of Nonhuman Primate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2019
The goal of this protocol is to isolate nonhuman primate CD34+ cells from primed bone marrow, to gene-modify these cells with lentiviral vectors, and to prepare a product for infusion into the autologous host. The total protocol length is approximately 48 h.
13:20
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to Assay Dynamic Histone Modification in Activated Gene Expression in Human Cells
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Cited by 11 •
2010
This protocol describes how chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is used to study the dynamic alterations to the chromatin template that regulate transcription induced by a signal transduction pathway.
07:08
Detection of Histone Modifications in Plant Leaves
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Cited by 22 •
2011
A reliable and useful approach to detect histone modifications on specific plant genes is described. The approach combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and real-time quantitative PCR. It allows detection of histone modifications on specific genes with a role in diverse physiological processes.
02:25
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
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2020
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex. Writers The writer is an enzyme that can...
FAQs
Specificity comes from the guide RNA, which is designed to match a particular DNA site. It directs the associated Cas enzyme to that location, where the enzyme makes a targeted cut. This pairing allows researchers to focus genetic changes on a selected sequence rather than altering DNA indiscriminately, supporting focused studies of gene function.
Researchers can introduce sequences, delete existing DNA, or make precise edits. These different outcomes can be used to examine whether a gene affects function, expression, or inheritance. In immunology and infection studies, selecting among these changes helps investigators test how particular genes contribute to immune activity or disease-related traits.
Changing one gene provides a way to assess its relationship to a biological outcome. Investigators can examine whether the alteration affects an immune-cell pathway, host-pathogen interaction, or susceptibility or resistance to disease. This approach connects a specific genetic factor with a measurable immunological or infection-related consequence.
A typical research workflow begins by selecting a gene relevant to an immune pathway or infection process, then choosing an alteration such as introduction, deletion, or precise editing. With CRISPR-Cas systems, a guide RNA directs the Cas enzyme to the selected DNA site for cutting and repair, after which researchers assess the resulting biological effect.
Researchers can alter genes in relevant biological systems and then examine how those changes affect interactions between host cells and infectious agents. The results can show whether a gene contributes to immune responses, disease susceptibility, or resistance. Such findings help clarify the genetic factors that shape infection outcomes and host defense.
Gene modification can identify immune pathways and genes that influence responses to infection, creating evidence for vaccine development or therapeutic discovery. It can also support investigation of engineered immune responses by testing how selected genetic changes affect immune-cell function. These applications connect molecular findings with strategies for controlling disease or improving immune activity.