Hind Limb Paralysis
Hind Limb Paralysis - Related Videos
01:12
Hindsight Biases
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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? This text is adapted from OpenStax, Psychology. OpenStax CNX.
03:03
Fluorescent Reporter-Based Paralysis Assay: A Technique to Assess Age-Associated Progressive Formation of Polyglutamine Fluorescent Reporter and Associated Paralysis in Caenorhabditis elegans
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This video demonstrates an in vivo imaging-based assay to determine proteostasis decline due to aging. The assay uses Caenorhabditis elegans expressing polyglutamine YFP-fusion protein in body wall muscles to measure the age-associated aggregation of polyglutamine and induction of proteotoxicity, leading to paralysis.
01:56
Inducing Paralysis in a Mouse Model via Transfer of Aquaporin-4-Specific Th17 Cells
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2025
This video demonstrates the procedure of inducing paralysis by transferring activated Th17 cells targeting aquaporin-4 into a mouse model. In the central nervous system, the activated Th17 cells interact with aquaporin-4-expressing astrocytes, triggering an immune response that leads to tail and limb paralysis in the mouse.
09:29
Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
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Cited by 10 •
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Here, we present a protocol to induce paralysis and opticospinal inflammation by transfer of aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells from AQP4-/- mice into WT mice. In addition, we demonstrate how to use serial optical coherence tomography to monitor visual system dysfunction.
03:50
Swimming-Induced Paralysis (SWIP) Assay: A Method to Quantify Dopamine-Mediated Locomotion in C. elegans
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2023
Here, we introduce an assay to measure SWIP, a behavioral phenotype of C. elegans that occurs during vigorous motion like swimming. The example protocol discusses both manual and automated analysis approaches.
FAQs
The distribution and severity of lost movement can direct attention to different parts of the motor pathway, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular transmission, or muscle. This localization approach is clinically important because the affected level identifies which structures require closer evaluation and helps physicians select appropriate imaging or electrophysiological testing.
Partial and complete loss of voluntary movement represent different degrees of motor-system disruption and provide different clinical information. Recording whether one or both lower limbs are affected, and how much voluntary movement remains, helps characterize the neurological problem. These findings contribute to lesion localization, management decisions, and assessment of likely recovery.
Trauma, compression, inflammation, vascular injury, and degenerative disease can each interfere with motor signaling, but they do so through different pathological processes. The shared consequence is impaired communication between motor-control structures and the muscles. Identifying the suspected cause adds context to examination and testing results, helping clinicians organize diagnosis and management.
Motor impairment does not always originate in the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. Dysfunction may also involve neuromuscular transmission, which is communication between a nerve and muscle, or the muscle tissue itself. Considering these sites prevents clinicians from treating every movement deficit as a central nervous system lesion and supports more targeted electrophysiological evaluation.
Evaluation begins with neurological examination to characterize the movement deficit and help localize dysfunction. Imaging can then investigate relevant anatomical structures, while electrophysiological testing assesses aspects of signaling along nerves and muscles. Used together, these approaches provide complementary evidence about the affected motor system and help guide management and prognosis.
Imaging contributes anatomical information about structures that may be affected by trauma, compression, inflammation, vascular injury, or degenerative disease. Electrophysiological testing contributes functional information about motor signaling involving nerves and muscles. Their results complement the neurological examination, allowing clinicians to refine lesion localization, support management planning, and assess prognosis.
Rehabilitation is relevant to recovery after motor-system dysfunction, while experimental models support research into how movement may be restored. These approaches serve different purposes: clinical rehabilitation focuses on patient recovery, whereas models allow investigators to study paralysis and potential recovery processes under controlled research conditions. Together, they connect diagnosis with therapeutic and translational research.