Cognitive Planning
Cognitive Planning - Related Videos
01:38
Cognitive Dissonance
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2020
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
09:08
An Introduction to Cognition
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2023
Cognition encompasses mental processes such as memory, perception, decision-making reasoning and language. Cognitive scientists are using a combination of behavioral and neuropsychological techniques to investigate the underlying neural substrates of cognition. They are interested in understanding how information is perceived, processed and how does it affect the final execution of behaviors. With this knowledge, researchers hope to develop new treatments for individuals with cognitive...
13:20
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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2025
This protocol presents a more precise and effective method of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices during an experimental task using neuronavigation and robotic systems. Based on the results, crucial implications are suggested for future online stimulation research.
05:59
Numerical Cognition: More or Less
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2023
Source: Laboratories of Nicholaus Noles and Judith Danovitch—University of Louisville One of the goals of the modern education system is to teach children mathematical literacy. They are taught to add, subtract, multiply, and divide, and this base knowledge is used to support learning about geometry, algebra, calculus, physics, and statistics. School-aged children usually acquire these skills in formal educational settings, but the foundation of mathematical understanding is developed much...
04:57
Perspectives on Cognitive Psychology
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2023
Source: Laboratory of Jonathan Flombaum—Johns Hopkins University As an Assistant Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science at Johns Hopkins University, I teach Introduction to Cognitive Psychology. This large class primarily consists of freshman and sophomores majoring in related fields, like Psychology, Neuroscience, or Cognitive Science. One of the challenges I face in the classroom is teaching students to appreciate how data are obtained in the process of performing experiments.
FAQs
These regions work together to maintain task information, evaluate possible action sequences, and connect planned actions with future outcomes. Their interaction allows a person to keep a goal active while considering what could happen after each choice. In neuroscience, this network provides a framework for studying how executive function supports organized and goal-directed behavior.
Predicted rewards help determine which possible action sequence appears most worthwhile, while environmental constraints limit which actions can realistically achieve the goal. Considering both factors prevents planning from relying on expected benefits alone. This combination helps explain how decisions adapt to changing circumstances and why the same goal may require different actions in different settings.
Feedback provides information about whether a plan is producing the expected result. The planning system can use that information to update its representation of the situation, revise action sequences, and respond when circumstances change. This updating process is important for flexible behavior because it allows future decisions to reflect outcomes rather than preserving an ineffective plan.
Delayed gratification requires behavior to remain oriented toward a later outcome rather than an immediately available reward. Cognitive planning supports this by maintaining task information, representing the desired future state, and evaluating action sequences that lead toward it. Studying this capacity connects planning with executive function and with the ability to regulate behavior across time.
In navigation, planning helps organize actions in relation to future locations and environmental constraints. In problem solving, it supports the evaluation of possible sequences before selecting an approach. These applications show how the same planning processes can guide behavior across different tasks, while feedback allows the selected strategy to be adjusted when conditions or results differ from expectations.
Researchers can use cognitive planning as a framework for examining how people represent goals, evaluate action sequences, and respond to feedback. When these processes are disrupted, decision-making and flexible behavior may also be affected. Neuropsychological assessment can therefore help characterize executive-function difficulties and clarify how altered planning relates to conditions involving impaired decision-making.
Cognitive planning research supplies principles for modeling how goals, predicted rewards, action sequences, constraints, and feedback interact. Computational models can formalize these relationships, while findings about planning can inform adaptive brain-computer interfaces. The broader value is a link between neuroscience theory and systems designed to respond to changing task information or user goals.