Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory - Related Videos
09:58
C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays
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Cited by 99 •
2011
Here we describe methods to test C. elegans associative learning and short- and long-term associative memory. These population assays employ the worms abilities to chemotax toward volatile odorants, and form positive associations upon pairing food with the chemoattractant butanone. Increasing the number of conditioning periods induces long-term memory.
01:18
Long-Term Memory
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2025
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited. Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
10:06
An Introduction to Learning and Memory
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2023
Learning is the process of acquiring new information and memory is the retention or storage of that information. Different types of learning, such as non-associative and associative learning, and different types of memory, such as long-term and short-term memory, have been associated with human behaviors. Studying these components in detail helps behavioral scientists understand the neural mechanisms behind these two complex phenomena. JoVE's overview on learning and memory introduces common...
15:57
Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Cited by 13 •
2015
Long-term cultured interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay is used as a measure of central memory responses and correlates with protective anti-mycobacterial vaccine responses. With this assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are stimulated with mycobacterial antigens and interleukin-2 for 14 days, enabling differentiation and expansion of central memory T cells.
09:13
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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Cited by 3 •
2017
The Real-World What-Where-When memory test is a novel episodic memory test, in which participants need to recall which objects have been hidden in which locations on which of two distinct occasions. It is easy to run and is sensitive to normal cognitive aging.
FAQs
Consolidation is critical because newly acquired information is initially labile, meaning it can become durable through later biological stabilization. This process coordinates activity in hippocampal circuits with distributed cortical networks and is accompanied by changes in synaptic strength and gene expression. Together, these mechanisms help transform a recent memory into one that can persist for extended periods.
Declarative and nondeclarative memories depend on partly distinct neural systems. Declarative memory supports facts and events, whereas nondeclarative memory includes skills and conditioning. This distinction matters because a study of remembering an event addresses a different form of memory than a study of learned performance or conditioned behavior, even though both can persist over time.
The process is associated with coordinated activity between hippocampal circuits and distributed cortical networks, as well as changes in synaptic strength and gene expression. These linked neural and molecular changes provide the scientific basis for studying how recently acquired information becomes durable, rather than treating persistence as simple continuation of the initial learning event.
Researchers can follow information from acquisition through consolidation and later retrieval, while relating these stages to hippocampal circuits, cortical networks, synaptic strength, and gene expression. They can also identify whether the material is declarative or nondeclarative, linking observed memory outcomes to neural systems rather than treating all learning as one process.
It links successful learning to processes that occur after information is acquired, including consolidation and associated changes in neural activity, synaptic strength, and gene expression. This perspective allows neuroscience to connect behavioral learning outcomes with hippocampal and cortical involvement rather than considering learning only as an observable behavior.
The topic provides a framework for examining how extended retention and retrieval relate to neural systems involved in consolidation and memory types. Because declarative and nondeclarative forms rely partly on different systems, research can ask whether aging, trauma, or memory disorders affect memory broadly or particular forms.
Persistent memories support more than academic learning: the overview connects them with personal identity and adaptive behavior. Studying how information becomes durable therefore has relevance beyond laboratory tasks, helping neuroscience relate hippocampal-cortical consolidation and distinct memory systems to the ways past experiences contribute to behavior and a continuing sense of self.