Name: laboratory chemical spill response stations
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T06:57:05.000Z
Duration: 5 min 3 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.1.C.

Emergency Eyewash and Shower Stations

1. 洗眼器
<ol>
	<li>用途
	<ol>
		<li>紧急洗眼站用于在发生事故时用水冲洗眼睛中的有害或腐蚀性物质</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>规格要求
	<ol>
		<li>紧急洗眼站应位于可能发生眼部污染区域10秒步行距离内，通往洗眼站的路径上不得有任何障碍物阻挡，包括但不限于门。洗眼站还必须与存在危害的区域位于同一楼层。</li>
		<li>紧急洗眼站必须以饮用水作为水源。</li>
		<li>洗眼水的温度应维持在60 °F至100 °F之间（16 °C - 38 °C）。</li>
		<li>水流应能以至少0.4加仑/分钟的流速持续流动至少15分钟，且流速应足够低，以免对使用者的眼睛造成损伤。</li>
		<li>洗眼站应在1秒内可通过手动开启，且水流应能持续流动直至使用者主动关闭。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>维护
	<ol>
		<li>洗眼站应由环境健康与安全官员每年检查一次。</li>
		<li>实验室人员应每周检查一次紧急洗眼站，放水3分钟，以确保设备正常运行并清除洗眼装置内可能积聚的沉淀物。应保留记录每周检查情况的日志本。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>操作方法 
	在紧急情况下，应按照以下步骤操作紧急洗眼站：
	<ol>
		<li>一旦眼睛接触到有害化学品，应立即前往洗眼站。必须争分夺秒，因为暴露后的最初几秒钟可能导致眼睛不可逆的损伤。</li>
		<li>按下洗眼站的控制杆以启动水流。</li>
		<li>用手指将受污染的眼睛撑开，并将眼睛浸入水流中至少15分钟。同时转动眼球，确保整个眼部区域得到充分冲洗。</li>
		<li>如果佩戴隐形眼镜，在用水冲洗眼睛前无需暂停操作以摘除镜片；应在冲洗过程中摘除隐形眼镜。</li>
		<li>立即寻求医疗救助。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
2. 实验室淋浴器
<ol>
	<li>用途
	<ol>
		<li>紧急洗眼淋浴装置在发生意外化学品泄漏时，利用水冲洗掉附着在身体上的有害或腐蚀性物质。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>技术规范
	<ol>
		<li>紧急淋浴装置应设置在身体受到污染区域步行10秒可达的范围内。通往淋浴装置的路径上不得有任何障碍物，包括但不限于门。淋浴装置还必须与存在潜在危害的区域位于同一楼层。</li>
		<li>淋浴装置的水源必须为饮用水。</li>
		<li>水温应维持在60 °F至100 °F之间（16 °C - 38 °C）。</li>
		<li>淋浴装置应能以至少20加仑/分钟的流速持续供水至少15分钟。</li>
		<li>淋浴装置应在最多1秒内启动，并保持开启状态直至使用者手动关闭。</li>
		<li>淋浴水柱的高度应在82英寸至96英寸之间。</li>
		<li>在距地面60英寸的高度处，水柱的直径应至少为20英寸。</li>
		<li>淋浴装置的围挡直径应至少为34英寸。实验室用紧急淋浴装置可不设置围挡。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>维护
	<ol>
		<li>淋浴装置应由本单位环境健康与安全负责人每年进行一次检查。</li>
		<li>实验室人员应每周检查紧急淋浴装置，确保其处于正常工作状态。应保留记录每周检查情况的日志本。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>操作方法 
	发生紧急情况时，应按照以下步骤操作紧急淋浴装置：
	<ol>
		<li>当身体接触到有害化学品时，应立即前往淋浴装置处。应争分夺秒，因为暴露后的最初几秒内可能造成不可逆的损伤。</li>
		<li>迅速脱去受污染的衣物、鞋类或其他穿戴物。切勿因害羞而延迟脱衣。如果化学品主要溅到被衣物覆盖的身体部位，衣物将已被化学物质浸透。脱衣时应小心操作，避免污染未暴露的皮肤区域。在某些情况下，为快速且安全地去除衣物，可考虑剪开衣物。</li>
		<li>拉动淋浴开关以启动水流，并用清水冲洗受影响区域至少15分钟。</li>
		<li>立即寻求医疗救助。</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>

当发生化学品泄漏或飞溅并影响到身体或眼睛时，受污染的人员应立即前往应急洗眼器或淋浴装置处进行冲洗。如果暴露者不确定化学品泄漏的危险性，应始终使用洗眼器或淋浴装置进行处理。然而，为防止此类事故的发生，在操作危险物质时必须始终穿戴适当的实验服。实验室人员应了解所使用材料的性质，并接受过正确的操作技术培训。

紧急洗眼器和淋浴装置

Robert M. Rioux，宾夕法尼亚州立大学，University Park，PA
美国职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）规定，在可能使人接触有害和/或腐蚀性物质的所有工作场所，必须配备易于接近的应急洗眼器和淋浴装置。当实验室或工作场所发生事故，导致有害的、可能具有腐蚀性的化学品洒到身体上或溅入眼睛时，应使用应急洗眼器和淋浴装置。然而，洗眼器和淋浴装置并不能替代适当的个人防护装备（PPE），包括实验服和护目镜等，这些防护装备在操作危险化学品时必须始终佩戴。有关个人防护装备的正确选择，请参阅您所在机构的环境健康与安全指南 &amp;#38; 安全（EHS）办公室。

Robert M. Rioux，宾夕法尼亚州立大学，University Park，PA  
美国职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）规定，必须配备应急……

所有存在危险化学品的实验室和工作场所均须配备应急洗眼器和淋浴装置。洗眼器和紧急淋浴装置分别用于冲洗接触眼睛和皮肤的有害或腐蚀性化学品。本视频将演示应急洗眼器和淋浴装置的正确使用与维护方法，并讨论相关的安全措施。在处理任何化学品之前，请查阅其安全数据表，以了解与暴露相关的各种危害。同时应告知实验室负责人和环境健康与安全部门所使用的材料和实验流程。为了降低化学暴露的风险，应穿戴防护服，例如实验服、护目镜和手套。在通风橱中操作危险化学品，以进一步降低吸入风险。应急洗眼站利用水在眼睛接触有害或腐蚀性物质时进行冲洗。在使用危险化学品之前，确保工作区与洗眼器之间没有障碍物、楼梯或门。应将工作区设置在同一楼层，以便在10秒内即可到达洗眼器。若接触有害或未知物质，应立即前往洗眼器处冲洗。时间至关重要，因为大多数损伤通常在接触后的最初几秒内发生。切勿停下处理泄漏物或摘除隐形眼镜。启动洗眼器手柄，以开始水流。最后，在保持眼睑睁开的情况下，将眼睛浸入水流中，并转动眼球，以确保充分冲洗。在冲洗眼睛的同时取下隐形眼镜。持续冲洗至少15分钟，然后立即就医。应急淋浴器可冲洗掉皮肤上的有害或腐蚀性物质。与洗眼器的情况相同，从工作区到淋浴装置的路径应无障碍物、门或楼梯。从工作区到达淋浴装置的时间不应超过10秒。如果皮肤接触到有害或未知物质，应立即前往淋浴处冲洗。同样，污染造成的最大伤害通常发生在暴露后的最初几秒钟内。不要停下来清理泄漏物。迅速脱下任何被污染的衣物、鞋子或其他穿戴物。不要犹豫或感到难为情，因为衣物可能将化学物质紧贴皮肤，从而加重伤害。注意避免被污染的衣物接触身体未受污染的部位。必要时，可剪开衣物以快速移除。最后，拉动淋浴拉杆以启动水流。持续冲洗受影响区域至少15分钟，然后寻求医疗救助。为确保安全操作，洗眼器和淋浴装置应符合以下规范。两者均使用温度为 60 至 100 华氏度的饮用水。启动时间均不得超过 1 秒，且应持续出水直至使用者关闭。洗眼器应至少持续以每分钟 0.4 加仑的流量出水 15 分钟，淋浴器应至少持续以每分钟 20 加仑的流量出水 15 分钟。淋浴喷头应产生一个高度在82至96英寸之间、在60英寸高度处直径至少为20英寸的水柱。如果淋浴间有围挡，围挡的直径必须至少为34英寸。洗眼器和淋浴装置应由实验室技术人员每周检查一次，每次运行3分钟，并将结果记录在日志本中。此外，应由环境健康与安全官员每年检查一次。您刚刚观看了JoVE关于紧急洗眼器和淋浴装置的介绍视频。现在，您应该了解了相关的安全措施、洗眼器和淋浴装置的操作规程，以及它们的正确规格和维护方法。感谢观看！

Education

教育

JoVE Science Education

Basic Biology

基础生物学

Lab Safety

实验室安全

紧急眼和淋浴站

laboratory chemical spill response stations

Laboratory chemical spill response stations help protect people who are exposed to injurious or corrosive substances. In workplaces and school labs, OSHA requires emergency eyewash and shower stations to be easy to reach when these hazards are present.

These stations are used after an accident that spills a harmful chemical on the body or splashes it into the eyes. The eyewash station helps rinse the eyes, while the shower station is used for chemicals on the skin or clothing. They are meant for emergency cleanup after exposure, not for routine washing.

Emergency stations do not replace proper personal protective equipment, or PPE. Laboratory coats and protective eyewear should still be worn when handling hazardous chemicals. For help choosing the right PPE, students and staff should follow guidance from their organization’s Environmental Health and Safety, or EHS, office.

Laboratory Chemical Spill Response Stations

laboratory-chemical-spill-response-stations

proper personal protective equipment

Choosing the Right Lab PPE

Choosing the right lab PPE is a key part of working safely in a laboratory. PPE, or personal protective equipment, helps reduce risk when hazards are present. Laboratory hazards can be many and varied. The right choice of PPE helps make the lab a safe place to work. Students should match their protective gear to the tasks and conditions in the lab. This topic focuses on selecting proper protection for the situation at hand. Wearing the correct PPE supports safer lab work and helps limit...

emergency eyewash and shower stations

Laboratory chemical spill response stations help protect people who are exposed to injurious or corrosive substances. In workplaces and school labs, OSHA requires emergency eyewash and shower stations to be easy to reach when these hazards are present. These stations are used after an accident that spills a harmful chemical on the body or splashes it into the eyes. The eyewash station helps rinse the eyes, while the shower station is used for chemicals on the skin or clothing. They are meant...

electrical safety

Preventing Lab Electric Shock and Fires

Electrical hazards are a common lab safety concern. Most laboratory equipment uses electricity to work, so students and lab staff must stay alert around cords, plugs, and powered devices. Improper use of electrical equipment can cause electric shock. In serious cases, this can lead to injury or death. Electrical sparks are also dangerous in the lab. They can start a fire or trigger an explosion. This risk matters because many flammable chemicals may be stored near powered instruments. Knowing...

working with centrifuges

Centrifuge Safety and Sample Separation

Centrifuges are used to separate heterogeneous mixtures by spinning particles in a fluid at high speed. The motion creates a force away from the axis of rotation. Heavier particles move faster toward the bottom of the sample holder, and the rate depends on particle size and density. This process is called centrifugation, and it speeds up sedimentation, which is the settling of particles out of a liquid. Gravity can separate some mixtures on its own, but that can take a long time.

working with hot and cold sources

Safe Use of Lab Heat and Cold Sources

Safe use of lab heat and cold sources is an important part of laboratory work. Extreme temperatures are common in many lab tasks. They can involve both high heat and very low temperatures. Bunsen burners and hot plates are widely used in research labs and industry. A Bunsen burner is a gas burner that gives a direct flame. A hot plate is an electric device that warms containers without an open flame. Because these tools reach high temperatures, users need to follow safe handling procedures. <br...

guidelines in case of a laboratory emergency

guidelines-in-case-of-a-laboratory-emergency

Lab Spill and Accident Response Basics

Lab spill and accident response basics help students stay safe during common laboratory emergencies. The most common lab emergencies include chemical spills, fire or explosion, electric shock, and personnel injuries. Many accidents happen because of poor planning or lack of attention, so prevention is always the first step. Good lab safety starts before an emergency happens. Students should wear proper personal protective equipment, or PPE, in the laboratory. Regular lab inspection and...

chemical storage: categories, hazards and compatibilities

chemical-storage-categories-hazards-and-compatibilities

Safe Chemical Labels and Storage Basics

Safe chemical storage and labeling help prevent dangerous reactions in school and research labs. Chemicals can vary widely in their properties and reactivity, so they must be managed, stored, and labeled correctly as part of an Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) program. If chemicals are not handled properly, they can create harmful or even destructive results. These risks include toxic fume production, fire, explosion, human fatality, property damage, and environmental hazards. Proper...

safe handling of mineral acids

Mineral Acids in the Lab

Mineral acids are common chemicals in research laboratories, and they must be handled with care. These acids, also called inorganic acids, are water-soluble acids formed from inorganic minerals by chemical reaction. Their corrosive nature makes them a major safety risk in the lab. Examples of mineral acids include boric acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. These acids are important reagents in research, and...

handling chemical spills

Chemical Spill Safety in the Lab

Chemical spill safety in the lab is essential whenever hazardous chemicals are used. Spills can happen at any time during laboratory work. Even a small spill can become dangerous if people are not prepared to respond quickly and correctly. Preparing for a chemical spill helps protect public health and the environment. Lab teams need to know how to respond to accidental releases of hazardous chemicals before an emergency happens. Safe cleanup also depends on proper disposal of the spilled...

proper use of autoclaves

Autoclaving Lab Materials Safely

Autoclaving lab materials safely is an important part of decontamination in the laboratory. This method is commonly used for items that have contacted biological samples, especially those that may contain microorganisms. An autoclave cleans materials with pressurized steam at a high temperature. The steam and heat work together to kill microorganisms on the loaded items. For this reason, effective autoclaving depends on good steam flow and strong heat transfer. Packaging matters because it...

fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets

Airflow Controls for Safer Lab Workspaces

Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are airflow controls used in laboratories. They both rely on a constant stream of air to protect the lab environment and the people in it. These systems work in similar ways, but they serve different purposes. A fume hood is a ventilation system that helps reduce exposure to hazardous vapors, fumes, and particles. Air is drawn into the hood opening, which helps keep harmful substances inside the workspace. The air is then pulled out through the exhaust. A...

handling air- and water-sensitive chemicals using a schlenk line

handling-air-and-water-sensitive-chemicals-using-a-schlenk-line

Schlenk Line Setup for Inert Atmospheres

A Schlenk line helps chemists work with air- and water-sensitive chemicals. It provides an air-free way to handle reagents that can react with oxygen or moisture. This makes it useful in a chemical laboratory when careful control of the atmosphere is needed. The glass apparatus is commonly used because it can create an inert gas environment or a vacuum. Inert gases such as nitrogen and argon can be used to protect the reaction. The same setup can also expose glassware to vacuum when needed. A...

proper operation of vacuum based equipment

proper-operation-of-vacuum-based-equipment

Vacuum Pumps for Laboratory Procedures

Vacuum pumps are used in many laboratory procedures that need low pressure. They help create vacuum conditions for experiments and equipment that must run below normal atmospheric pressure. In the lab, vacuum pumps are the most common way to achieve this low-pressure environment. They can also support rapid changes in the atmosphere inside a reactor or flask. This is done by evacuating the vessel and then backfilling it with another gas.

operating the glovebox

Glovebox Atmosphere and Sample Transfer

A glovebox is an enclosed workspace that keeps an inert atmosphere inside. Scientists use built-in gloves to handle chemicals or equipment without exposing the inside of the box to outside air. The box uses positive pressure to help make up for small passive leaks. Objects can be moved in and out through an antechamber, which works like an airlock between the glovebox and the outside atmosphere. Some gloveboxes have more than one pair of gloves. The number of glove ports depends on the size...

operation of high-pressure reactor vessels

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Safe Use of Pressure Vessels in Chemistry

High-pressure reactor vessels are used in synthetic chemistry to handle gases safely during reactions. They help chemists carry out gas-based processes such as hydrogenation, oxidation, and amination. These reactions often use hydrogen, oxygen, or ammonia, which are important reagents in the lab. These gases usually dissolve poorly in standard reaction mixtures. Because of that, high pressure is needed to make the reaction proceed at a useful rate. The vessel creates a sealed space that keeps...

decontamination for laboratory biosafety

Lab Cleaning Methods for Biosafety

Laboratory cleaning methods are a key part of biosafety because microbial contamination can build up and spread disease. Decontamination is used to reduce that risk on lab surfaces and equipment. The level of cleaning depends on how much contamination is present and what kind of item needs treatment. Decontamination can be grouped into disinfection and sterilization. Disinfection removes pathogenic microorganisms, but it does not remove bacterial spores on lab surfaces or equipment.

proper waste disposal

Lab Waste Management and Safety

Lab waste management and safety are essential parts of any laboratory activity. Waste generated during work must be handled correctly from the moment it is created until it reaches its final offsite disposal facility. Poor waste disposal can seriously harm public health and the environment. A waste management system should be planned before any lab work begins. This system guides how waste is collected, stored, and prepared for removal. For hazardous waste, special rules apply because its...

lab safety

本系列提供了使用危险材料和设备时应遵循的安全指导原则。它涵盖了个人防护装备，电气安全和一般应急指南等普遍主题，以及化学和生物实验室的一些特定安全程序。

Learn when emergency eyewash and shower stations are required in labs, how they respond to chemical spills, and why PPE like lab coats and goggles is still needed.

Laboratory Chemical Spill Response Stations | JoVE K12

Chemistry

CHEM.1

CHEM.1.C

Biology

BIO.1

BIO.1.C

Physics

PHYS.1

PHYS.1.C

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

IPC.1.C

Robert Rioux

Overview

Basic Safety Measures

Emergency Eyewash

Emergency Shower

Specifications and Maintenance

Summary

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves ...

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in ...

Deductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the ...

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and CausationStatistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. A ...

Ask questions and define problems related to specialized topics of study based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

112.51.c.1.A.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is used to solve problems and explain phenomena. The development of the scientific method coincided with changes in philosophy ...

Demonstrating the Scientific Method with Tree Branches
ExpandObtain branches containing a few dozen typical leaves from five different local tree species. ...

Observation and Background Research
ExpandNOTE: The first two steps in the scientific process involve studying and observing natural phenomena of ...

Problem-Solving

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. It involves trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, and insights. Effective ...

Problem Definition

Problem definition is the initial and the most essential step in research.
The researcher identifies and explains the specific issue or gap to be ...

Apply science practices related to specialized topics of study to plan and conduct investigations or use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

112.51.c.1.B.

Proper Personal Protective Equipment

Robert M. Rioux &#38; William A Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Hazards are many and varied in the laboratory, but the right ...

Robert M. Rioux, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that an emergency ...

Electrical Safety

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Among the many hazards present in the laboratory, electrical ...

Working with Centrifuges

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Earth's gravitational force is capable of separating ...

Working with Hot and Cold Sources

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Working with extreme temperatures, both high and low, ...

Guidelines in Case of a Laboratory Emergency

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The most common laboratory emergencies include chemical spills, ...

Chemical Storage: Categories, Hazards And Compatibilities

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
While the use of various chemicals in experimental ...

Safe Handling of Mineral Acids

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is defined as a ...

Handling Chemical Spills

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Since chemicals are commonly used for laboratory research ...

Proper Use of Autoclaves

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Autoclaving is one of the most commonly used methods in the ...

Fume Hoods and Laminar Flow Cabinets

Robert M. Rioux &amp; William A. Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are engineering controls ...

Decontamination for Laboratory Biosafety

Robert M. Rioux and Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Decontamination is essential for laboratory biosafety, as the ...

Proper Waste Disposal

Robert M. Rioux and Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA

Users are responsible for the proper disposal of the waste ...

Use appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards;

Common Lab Glassware and Uses

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams &#8212; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Glassware is a regular appearance in the professional ...

Lab Techniques

Measurement Accuracy
The ability to repeat an experiment and get the same results, or reproducibility, is essential in scientific research. However, ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Preparation of LaboratoryExpand
	Here we show the laboratory preparation for 10 students ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Determining the Density of an EggExpand
	Density is a measure of how compact a substance or ...

Proper Lab Notebook Keeping

Organic Lab Notebook Keeping
Record keeping is a vital skill in science and organic chemistry labs. Without proper notes, descriptions, quantities, or ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Preparation of the LaboratoryExpand
	Here, we show the laboratory preparation ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri and Ahmed Basabrain at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Nitration of Methyl BenzoateExpand
	From this lab onward, ...

Use tools appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.D.

SI Units: 2019 Redefinition

Measurement is integral to analytical chemistry. Each record comprises a number &#8211; denoting the magnitude&#160; &#8211; and the unit &#8211; a ...

International System of Units

The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is ...

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement ...

Measurement: Derived Units

The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, ...

Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) or qualitative data as evidence as appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.E.

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

What is a Frequency Distribution

A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the ...

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

A cumulative frequency distribution is another type of frequency distribution. Instead of reporting how many data values fall in some classes, it reports ...

Ogive Graph

An ogive graph is sometimes called a cumulative frequency polygon. It is one type of frequency polygon that shows cumulative frequency. In other words, ...

Histogram

The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data ...

Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. ...

Scatter Plot

The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a ...

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct ...

Bar Graph

A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show ...

Multiple Bar Graph

As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can ...

Pareto Chart

A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the ...

Pie Chart

A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each ...

Organize quantitative or qualitative data using representations appropriate to the specialized topic of study such as scatter plots, line graphs, bar graphs, charts, data tables, diagrams, scientific drawings, and student-prepared models;

112.51.c.1.F.

Modeling and Similitude

A scaled model of a dam is tested in a controlled environment to observe how it will manage water flow, turbulence, and pressure.
This setup predicts the ...

Typical Model Studies

Typical model studies analyze scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior, focusing on interactions with free surfaces and flow around immersed bodies.
...

Develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to problems as appropriate to the specialized topic of study; and

112.51.c.1.G.

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to explain phenomena or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Laboratory Chemical Spill Response Stations

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