Name: choosing the right lab ppe
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T06:59:19.000Z
Duration: 5 min 37 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

High School

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.1.C.

Proper Personal Protective Equipment

1. Minimum PPE
<ol>
	<li>When entering a laboratory, a bare minimum of PPE should be worn. This includes safety glasses (discussed later), long pants, and closed-toe shoes. This provides basic protection from general hazards in the laboratory. Additionally, long hair should be tied back and dangling jewelry should not be worn.</li>
</ol>
2. Gloves
<ol>
	<li>Your hands are often the body parts closest to hazards in the lab. Gloves are therefore an essential part of proper PPE. However, it may not always be immediately obvious which gloves are suitable for the task being carried out. A hazard assessment of the task can help to determine the correct pair of gloves to wear. The hazard assessment needs to consider the following:
	<ol>
		<li>Chemical: The chemical nature of the hazard is very important in choosing the appropriate gloves. Common materials for chemically resistant gloves include butyl rubber, latex, neoprene, nitrile rubber, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl chloride. Choosing the appropriate material can often be done easily by consulting a chemical compatibility chart (Ansell Occupational Healthcare, 2008). No material is 100% resistant to a chemical. A chemical will permeate all materials, just at different rates. When consulting a glove chemical compatibility chart, the breakthrough time should be noted. This is the time it takes for a chemical to fully travel through an initially unused glove. Gloves should be changed accordingly when working for periods greater than the breakthrough time. If a glove rips or is punctured, the glove should be removed and replaced immediately. Holes in the glove allow for direct penetration of chemicals through the glove, causing the glove to be ineffective.</li>
		<li>Physical: Physical hazards can include cryogenic or elevated temperatures, sharps, and mechanical forces.</li>
		<li>Cryogenic temperatures: For cryogenic temperatures, cryogenic gloves are appropriate. Cryogenic gloves range from wrist to shoulder length and are often made of a nylon outer surface and polyester inner surface. The length should be chosen based on further assessments of the task. Handling liquid nitrogen is a common route of exposure to cryogenic temperatures.</li>
		<li>Elevated temperatures: For elevated temperatures, heat resistant gloves are appropriate. Heat resistant gloves come in varying shapes, sizes, and materials. Basic heat resistant gloves are often made from cotton, while more advanced heat resistant gloves are made from materials such as nitrile rubber and Kevlar. When choosing heat resistant gloves, ensure the temperature you are working with is within the operating range of the gloves.</li>
		<li>Sharps: When handling needles, razors, blades, or any other type of item that could cut or puncture the skin, cut and puncture resistant gloves should be used. Common materials include Kevlar and leather. Cut and puncture resistant gloves often feature inserted plates.</li>
		<li>Mechanical forces: Impact resistant gloves should be worn for protection against mechanical forces. Impact resistant gloves are made with added padding, such as foam or gel layers.</li>
		<li>Radiation: When handling with or working near radioactive material, radiation attenuation gloves are appropriate. Leaded rubber gloves are effective at shielding hands from radiation (better with increasing thickness), but are heavy and difficult to work with. Common alternatives to lead include titanium, bismuth, and tungsten. While not as effective at shielding radiation as lead, the alternative materials do not have to be disposed of as hazardous waste like is required of lead.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
3. Face protection
<ol>
	<li>Face protection is designed to protect the eyes and lungs from chemical splashes, chemical vapors, airborne powders, flying particles, intense light radiation, heat, and harmful gases. There are various types of protective face-wear that are available to prevent damage to the eyes and lungs, including glasses, goggles, face shields, respirators, and gas masks. Choosing the appropriate face-wear should done based on the types of hazards associated with the task at hand. Safety glasses are part of the minimum PPE required to enter a lab space. The safety glasses that are required should adhere to ANSI Standard Z87.1. They should have side shields, be impact resistant, provide protection against flying particles, and provide basic protection against chemical splashes.</li>
</ol>
Table 1 below presents appropriate choices of protective face-wear for a given hazard. Depending on the severity of the hazard, varying levels of protection can be chosen.
<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Hazard</td>
			<td>Method</td>
			<td>Source</td>
			<td>Protection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">Chemical</td>
			<td>Splash</td>
			<td>Liquids, acids/bases, solutions</td>
			<td>Glasses, goggles, face shield</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vapor/gas</td>
			<td>Volatile solvents/solids, gases</td>
			<td>Goggles, full face gas respirator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dust</td>
			<td>Airborne particles</td>
			<td>Fine powders, nanoparticles, sanding, sawing</td>
			<td>Goggles, goggles with particulate respirator, full face particulate respirator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Impact</td>
			<td>Flying particles, fragments, objects</td>
			<td>Sawing, nail guns</td>
			<td>Glasses, goggles, face shield</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="3">Light radiation</td>
			<td rowspan="3">UV, IR, visible radiation</td>
			<td>Torch welding, arc welding, torch soldering</td>
			<td>Welding goggles, welding face shield of appropriate shade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV, IR radiation</td>
			<td>Glasses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glare</td>
			<td>Tinted glasses</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="3">Heat</td>
			<td>Flying particles, fragments, sparks</td>
			<td>Grinding, hot working</td>
			<td>Glasses, goggles, face shield</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Splash</td>
			<td>Molten metal, salts, hot solvents</td>
			<td>Goggles, face shield</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Exposure</td>
			<td>Flames, hot objects</td>
			<td>Glasses, goggles, face shield</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biological</td>
			<td>Airborne particles</td>
			<td>Biological sample</td>
			<td>Glasses, goggles, face shield, goggles with particulate respirator, full face particulate respirator</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 1: Appropriate selection of eye protection for a given type of hazard.
<ol start="2">
	<li>Common eye glasses are not appropriate face protection when in the laboratory. Eye glasses provided very limited protection from splashes and are not normally impact resistant. Prescription safety glasses can be obtained or protective face-wear can be worn over eyeglasses.</li>
</ol>
4. Body
<ol>
	<li>Lab coats and aprons are worn to protect your body from hazards in the lab. Lab coats should be made from flame retardant material, buttoned up, and well-fitted. Lab coats that are unbuttoned or too loose risk getting caught on things in the lab. When further protection is required, a rubber apron is worn. Rubber aprons will not absorb splashes and provide better protection against heat.</li>
</ol>
5. Hearing
<ol>
	<li>Ear protection is necessary when exposed to loud noises or continuous noise for long periods of time. Depending on the noise level, ear plugs or earmuffs should be worn.</li>
</ol>

proper personal protective equipment

Robert M. Rioux &#38; William A Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Hazards are many and varied in the laboratory, but the right choice of PPE can make the laboratory a safe place to work.

Robert M. Rioux &#38; William A Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Hazards are many and varied in the laboratory, but the right ...

There are many hazards in the laboratory, but the right choice of personal protective equipment can make it a safer place to work. Personal protective equipment, or PPE, helps protect people from hazards. It includes proper lab attire, as well as items like gloves, safety glasses, face shields, and lab coats.Which PPE you wear depends on the specific hazard present. Additionally, specialized equipment is necessary for situations like extreme cold, extreme heat, and radioactivity.In this video, we will show you how to dress for the lab, as well as some specialized PPE.When entering a laboratory, wear the minimum PPE. This includes a long sleeved shirt, long pants and closed-toed shoes. Wear a flame retardant lab coat, which fits well and is buttoned up, as loose coats risk getting caught on objects. If you need further protection from splashes or heat, wear a rubber apron.Always wear safety glasses in the lab. These should have side shields, be impact resistant, and provide protection against flying particles and chemical splashes. Prescription eyeglasses do not provide these protections, thus protective glasses should also be worn.Lastly, to prevent catching yourself on an object, take off any dangling jewelry, like earrings, and tie back long hair.Gloves are an essential part of PPE, as hands are often the closest body part to hazards. There are many types of chemical resistant gloves, including latex, nitrile, neoprene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride. The type of glove you wear depends on the substances you will be working with.To decide what glove to wear, consult a chemical compatibility chart. The chart provides information about the glove's resistance to various chemicals. Furthermore, it lists the breakthrough time, which is the time needed for a chemical to permeate the glove. Different physical hazards require different types of gloves. Cryogenic gloves are longer than regular gloves, and are made of a nylon outer layer and polyester inner layer. Use these gloves when handling extremely cold materials like liquid nitrogen.Basic heat resistant gloves are made from cotton, while more advanced ones are made from nitrile rubber or Kevlar. When using these gloves, make sure that the temperature is within the operating range of the gloves.Cut and puncture resistant gloves can be made of Kevlar or leather, and may have inserted plates. Use these gloves when handling objects like needles.When working with high mechanical forces, use impact-resistant gloves. These have additional padding, like foam or gel layers.Lastly, radiation requires special attenuation gloves. Leaded rubber gloves provide the most protection, but are difficult to work with and must be disposed of in hazardous waste. Gloves lined with other metals like tungsten are easier to work in, but they do not provide as much protection.Safety glasses provide enough protection for many tasks, but sometimes more substantial face protection is needed. If you are working with substances that give off fine airborne particles, use a respirator to protect your lungs.When working with dangerous chemicals that may splash, materials causing flying sparks, or heat, use goggles or a full face shield. For ultraviolet, infrared, or intense visible radiation, use shaded glasses or a shaded face shield.Additionally, you must use ear protection when exposed to noise levels above 85 decibels. Both ear plugs and earmuffs will reduce the noise level by 15 to 30 decibels. Use both simultaneously if the noise is in excess of 105 decibels.Finally, PPE does not always provide sufficient hazard protection, and engineering controls like fume hoods also reduce risks. You've just watched JoVE's introduction to personal protective equipment. You should now understand basic lab wear, gloves, and face protection. Thanks for watching!

Education

JoVE Science Education

Basic Biology

Lab Safety

choosing the right lab ppe

Choosing the right lab PPE is a key part of working safely in a laboratory. PPE, or personal protective equipment, helps reduce risk when hazards are present.

Laboratory hazards can be many and varied. The right choice of PPE helps make the lab a safe place to work. Students should match their protective gear to the tasks and conditions in the lab.

This topic focuses on selecting proper protection for the situation at hand. Wearing the correct PPE supports safer lab work and helps limit exposure to common risks.

Choosing the Right Lab PPE

Choosing the right lab PPE is a key part of working safely in a laboratory. PPE, or personal protective equipment, helps reduce risk when hazards are present. Laboratory hazards can be many and varied. The right choice of PPE helps make the lab a safe place to work. Students should match their protective gear to the tasks and conditions in the lab. This topic focuses on selecting proper protection for the situation at hand. Wearing the correct PPE supports safer lab work and helps limit...

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Preventing Lab Electric Shock and Fires

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Centrifuge Safety and Sample Separation

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Safe Use of Lab Heat and Cold Sources

Safe use of lab heat and cold sources is an important part of laboratory work. Extreme temperatures are common in many lab tasks. They can involve both high heat and very low temperatures. Bunsen burners and hot plates are widely used in research labs and industry. A Bunsen burner is a gas burner that gives a direct flame. A hot plate is an electric device that warms containers without an open flame. Because these tools reach high temperatures, users need to follow safe handling procedures. <br...

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Lab Spill and Accident Response Basics

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chemical storage: categories, hazards and compatibilities

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Safe Chemical Labels and Storage Basics

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Mineral Acids in the Lab

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Chemical Spill Safety in the Lab

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Schlenk Line Setup for Inert Atmospheres

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Lab Waste Management and Safety

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lab safety

This collection provides safety guidelines to be followed when working with hazardous materials and equipment. It covers universal topics such as PPE, electrical safety, and general emergency guidelines, as well as some specific safety procedures for chemistry and biology laboratories.

Learn how choosing the right personal protective equipment helps make the laboratory safer when students face many different hazards during lab work.

Choosing the Right Lab PPE | JoVE K12

Chemistry

CHEM.1

CHEM.1.C

Biology

BIO.1

BIO.1.C

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

IPC.1.C

Robert Rioux

Overview

Basic Personal Protective Equipment

Hand Protection

Face and Ear Protection

Summary

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves ...

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in ...

Deductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the ...

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and CausationStatistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. A ...

Ask questions and define problems related to specialized topics of study based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations;

112.51.c.1.A.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is used to solve problems and explain phenomena. The development of the scientific method coincided with changes in philosophy ...

Demonstrating the Scientific Method with Tree Branches
ExpandObtain branches containing a few dozen typical leaves from five different local tree species. ...

Observation and Background Research
ExpandNOTE: The first two steps in the scientific process involve studying and observing natural phenomena of ...

Problem-Solving

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. It involves trial and error, algorithms, heuristics, and insights. Effective ...

Problem Definition

Problem definition is the initial and the most essential step in research.
The researcher identifies and explains the specific issue or gap to be ...

Apply science practices related to specialized topics of study to plan and conduct investigations or use engineering practices to design solutions to problems;

112.51.c.1.B.

Emergency Eyewash and Shower Stations

Robert M. Rioux, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that an emergency ...

Electrical Safety

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Among the many hazards present in the laboratory, electrical ...

Working with Centrifuges

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Earth's gravitational force is capable of separating ...

Working with Hot and Cold Sources

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Working with extreme temperatures, both high and low, ...

Guidelines in Case of a Laboratory Emergency

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
The most common laboratory emergencies include chemical spills, ...

Chemical Storage: Categories, Hazards And Compatibilities

Source: Robert M. Rioux &amp; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
While the use of various chemicals in experimental ...

Safe Handling of Mineral Acids

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is defined as a ...

Handling Chemical Spills

Source: Robert M. Rioux &#38; Taslima Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Since chemicals are commonly used for laboratory research ...

Proper Use of Autoclaves

Robert M. Rioux &amp; Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Autoclaving is one of the most commonly used methods in the ...

Fume Hoods and Laminar Flow Cabinets

Robert M. Rioux &amp; William A. Elliott, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are engineering controls ...

Decontamination for Laboratory Biosafety

Robert M. Rioux and Zhifeng Chen, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Decontamination is essential for laboratory biosafety, as the ...

Proper Waste Disposal

Robert M. Rioux and Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA

Users are responsible for the proper disposal of the waste ...

Use appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards;

Common Lab Glassware and Uses

Source: Laboratory of Dr. Neal Abrams &#8212; SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Glassware is a regular appearance in the professional ...

Lab Techniques

Measurement Accuracy
The ability to repeat an experiment and get the same results, or reproducibility, is essential in scientific research. However, ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Preparation of LaboratoryExpand
	Here we show the laboratory preparation for 10 students ...

Source: Smaa Koraym at Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA

	Determining the Density of an EggExpand
	Density is a measure of how compact a substance or ...

Proper Lab Notebook Keeping

Organic Lab Notebook Keeping
Record keeping is a vital skill in science and organic chemistry labs. Without proper notes, descriptions, quantities, or ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Preparation of the LaboratoryExpand
	Here, we show the laboratory preparation ...

Source: Lara Al Hariri and Ahmed Basabrain at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA

	Nitration of Methyl BenzoateExpand
	From this lab onward, ...

Use tools appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.D.

SI Units: 2019 Redefinition

Measurement is integral to analytical chemistry. Each record comprises a number &#8211; denoting the magnitude&#160; &#8211; and the unit &#8211; a ...

International System of Units

The International System of Units, known as the SI system, is a universally accepted measurement system recognized and used worldwide. The SI system is ...

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement ...

Measurement: Derived Units

The International System of Units or SI system, by international agreement, has fixed measurement units for seven fundamental properties: length, mass, ...

Collect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) or qualitative data as evidence as appropriate to the specialized topic of study;

112.51.c.1.E.

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative ...

What is a Frequency Distribution

A frequency is the number of times a value of the data occurs. The sum of all the frequency values represents the total number of students included in the ...

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

A cumulative frequency distribution is another type of frequency distribution. Instead of reporting how many data values fall in some classes, it reports ...

Ogive Graph

An ogive graph is sometimes called a cumulative frequency polygon. It is one type of frequency polygon that shows cumulative frequency. In other words, ...

Histogram

The histogram is a graphical representation in the x-y form of data distribution in a data set. The horizontal x-axis is labeled with what the data ...

Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. ...

Scatter Plot

The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a ...

Time-Series Graph

A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct ...

Bar Graph

A bar graph is also called a bar chart and consists of bars that are separated from each other. It either uses horizontal or vertical bars to show ...

Multiple Bar Graph

As the name suggests, a multiple bar graph is the same as a bar graph but has multiple bars to depict relationships between different data values. One can ...

Pareto Chart

A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the ...

Pie Chart

A pie chart (or a pie graph) is a circular graphical chart or a pictorial representation of categorical data. It is divided into slices of pie each ...

Organize quantitative or qualitative data using representations appropriate to the specialized topic of study such as scatter plots, line graphs, bar graphs, charts, data tables, diagrams, scientific drawings, and student-prepared models;

112.51.c.1.F.

Modeling and Similitude

A scaled model of a dam is tested in a controlled environment to observe how it will manage water flow, turbulence, and pressure.
This setup predicts the ...

Typical Model Studies

Typical model studies analyze scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior, focusing on interactions with free surfaces and flow around immersed bodies.
...

design-example-creating-a-hydraulic-model-of-a-dam-spillway

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

A hydraulic model of a dam spillway is often created by scaling down the design, typically to a 1:15 ratio, to replicate key flow characteristics such as ...

Models, Theories, and Laws

Scientists frequently use models to help them comprehend a specific collection of phenomena. In physics, a model is a condensed version of a physical ...

/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14686.jpg

Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system translates sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes into information as thoughts and memories, forming ...

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models ...

Develop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to problems as appropriate to the specialized topic of study; and

112.51.c.1.G.

Scientific and engineering practices. The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, asks questions, identifies problems, and plans and safely conducts classroom, laboratory, and field investigations to explain phenomena or design solutions using appropriate tools and models. The student is expected to:

Choosing the Right Lab PPE

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