Name: lab waste management and safety
Uploaded: 2023-04-30T06:59:24.000Z
Duration: 4 min 28 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

north-carolina-k-12-science-standard-course-of-study

NC K-12 Science Standard Course of Study

9-12

Earth and Environmental Science

Earth and Human Activity

ESS.EES.5.5

Proper Waste Disposal

1. 废物管理
<ol>
	<li>用户应尽量减少废物产生。实现这一目标的最佳方法是缩小操作规模，从而减少产生的废物量。在可行的情况下，应使用危害较小的化学品替代原有化学品。</li>
	<li>化学品用量应保持在最低限度。仅储存短期内将要使用的化学品。</li>
	<li>除预防或减少废物产生外，还应尽可能对化学品进行回收或再利用。</li>
	<li>当产生废物时，必须妥善处置。直接排入下水道可能并不合适，且可能导致饮用水污染。应考虑其他处置方法，包括焚烧、处理和陆地填埋。应咨询所在机构的环境健康与安全办公室（EHS），以确定不同类型废物的正确处置方式。</li>
</ol>
2. 废物的收集与储存
<ol>
	<li>在产生或管理任何化学废弃物时，必须穿戴适当的个人防护装备（PPE），并根据需要实施工程控制措施。</li>
	<li>应在产生点或其附近指定的卫星累积区域收集和储存化学废弃物。该累积区域应有清晰标识，以便于识别。</li>
	<li>化学废弃物必须储存在相容的容器中，且容器盖应密闭并正确安装。</li>
	<li>废弃物容器必须贴上标签，注明化学成分、累积起始日期以及适当的危险警示。通常由本机构的环境健康与安全部门（EHS）提供此类所需标签。</li>
	<li>不相容的废弃物类型不得混合，应分别存放，以避免发生反应、放热和/或产生气体。</li>
	<li>废弃物容器应储存在通风良好、阴凉干燥区域的二次防漏容器中。</li>
	<li>在中央累积区域，废弃物容器应进行接地处理，以防止火灾和爆炸危险。</li>
	<li>最熟悉所产生废弃物的受过培训的实验室研究人员应与EHS部门协作，确保废弃物得到妥善管理。</li>
</ol>
3. 锐器处理——注射器和针头
<ol>
	<li>化学污染的针头、注射器和刀片应丢弃在合适的锐器容器中。</li>
	<li>注射器或针头绝不能丢弃在实验室废物桶或普通废物容器中。</li>
</ol>
4. 玻璃回收
<ol>
	<li>回收玻璃有利于环境保护，因为它可以减少因废弃物填埋而造成的污染。每个实验室都应设有专门用于玻璃回收的分类垃圾桶。</li>
	<li>清洁的空玻璃瓶和破损的玻璃器皿可以回收。处理空玻璃瓶时，必须用水或其它合适的溶剂进行&#34;三次冲洗&#34;，并在丢弃前晾干。</li>
	<li>被化学物质污染的实验玻璃器皿，如样品管、滴管和玻璃棉，必须作为受控废弃物进行处置。</li>
</ol>

本文档提供了实验室废物处理的基本指南。用户必须与所在机构的环境健康与安全办公室（EHS）协作，确定符合各项法规和标准的正确废物处理方法。实验室使用者应清楚了解所产生的废物种类，并仔细评估其潜在危害，以确定适当的废物处置方式，否则可能对公众健康或环境造成危险。无论处理的废物量大小，都必须穿戴适当的个人防护装备（PPE）。
<table fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>污染物</td>
			<td>最大污染物浓度限值，mg/L</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,1-二氯乙烯</td>
			<td>0.007</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,1,1-三氯乙烷</td>
			<td>0.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,1,2-三氯乙烷</td>
			<td>0.005</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,...

正确的废物处理

Robert M. Rioux 和 Taslima A. Zaman，宾夕法尼亚州立大学，宾夕法尼亚州，宾夕法尼亚州

用户须对其工作过程中产生的废弃物负责，妥善处理。不当处置废弃物可能严重危害公共健康和/或环境。危险废弃物从产生之时起，直至运送到场外最终处置设施，整个过程均须受到严格监管。在开展任何实验室活动之前，必须制定废弃物管理系统。用户必须遵守所在机构环境健康与安全部门（EHS）的规章制度，该部门负责建立并实施符合各类法规与标准的废弃物管理措施，例如职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）所规定的相关要求。

Robert M. Rioux 和 Taslima A. Zaman，宾夕法尼亚州立大学，宾夕法尼亚州，PA

用户须负责妥善处理废弃物……

许多实验室都会产生化学、医疗或放射性等有害废物，这些废物需要按照规定进行处理，以确保公共卫生和环境的安全。从有害废物产生之时起，直至其在场外最终处置设施中被处理，整个过程必须严格执行有害废物管理的相关规定。在开始任何实验室操作之前，必须制定废物管理系统。该系统通常由机构的环境健康与安全（EH&S）办公室建立，以执行职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）规定的相关准则。本视频将阐述正确处理废弃物的基本原理和典型的实验室操作流程。高效的废物管理是妥善处理废物的重要方面。可通过使用尽可能少的化学品、重复利用剩余材料以及回收废物来实现这一目标。产生的废物必须贴上标签，根据化学品的相容性进行分类，并存放在通风橱或其他通风良好的区域。其他实验室废物，如锐器和玻璃，必须小心地放入适当的容器中处理。在讨论了正确处理废弃物的原则之后，让我们来看一个实际的操作流程。如适用，应通过减小操作规模来尽量减少化学废弃物的产生。此外，应尽可能用危害较小的试剂替代原有化学品。除了尽量减少操作规模外，仅储存近期将要使用的化学品用量。您还可以通过蒸馏等方法回收丙酮等溶剂，从而减少化学废弃物的产生。处理任何化学废弃物时，均应穿戴适当的个人防护装备，包括实验服、护目镜和手套，以及长裤和封闭式鞋头的鞋子。将化学废液收集于适当的容器中，例如塑料大瓶或玻璃瓶，并储存在产生点附近的指定卫星累积区。一旦加入化学品，立即在废物容器上粘贴标签。在标签上写明化学品的完整名称及其大致成分。此外，应使用不同的容器分别收集含卤素、不含卤素和含水废物，以避免产生热量或气体。当容器装满后，应小心将其转移至指定的集中暂存区，随后由专业机构运出处理。将受化学污染的针头、注射器和剃刀片（统称为锐器）丢弃至锐器废弃物容器内。对于破碎的玻璃、使用过的移液管或试管，请使用专用的玻璃废弃物容器。如有需要，空瓶可在用丙酮、水、再用丙酮各冲洗三次后重复使用。您刚刚观看了 JoVE 关于正确废弃物处理的简介。现在您应该了解废弃物管理、如何收集化学废弃物和锐器废弃物，以及如何储存这些废弃物以待处理。感谢观看！

Education

教育

JoVE Science Education

Basic Biology

基础生物学

Lab Safety

实验室安全

妥善处理废物

lab waste management and safety

Lab waste management and safety are essential parts of any laboratory activity. Waste generated during work must be handled correctly from the moment it is created until it reaches its final offsite disposal facility. Poor waste disposal can seriously harm public health and the environment.

A waste management system should be planned before any lab work begins. This system guides how waste is collected, stored, and prepared for removal. For hazardous waste, special rules apply because its handling must be regulated throughout the entire process.

Students and lab users must also follow their institution’s Environmental Health and Safety, or EHS, office. The EHS office develops and carries out waste management systems that meet different rules and standards. These include requirements set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA.

Lab Waste Management and Safety

proper personal protective equipment

Choosing the Right Lab PPE

Choosing the right lab PPE is a key part of working safely in a laboratory. PPE, or personal protective equipment, helps reduce risk when hazards are present. Laboratory hazards can be many and varied. The right choice of PPE helps make the lab a safe place to work. Students should match their protective gear to the tasks and conditions in the lab. This topic focuses on selecting proper protection for the situation at hand. Wearing the correct PPE supports safer lab work and helps limit...

emergency eyewash and shower stations

Laboratory Chemical Spill Response Stations

Laboratory chemical spill response stations help protect people who are exposed to injurious or corrosive substances. In workplaces and school labs, OSHA requires emergency eyewash and shower stations to be easy to reach when these hazards are present. These stations are used after an accident that spills a harmful chemical on the body or splashes it into the eyes. The eyewash station helps rinse the eyes, while the shower station is used for chemicals on the skin or clothing. They are meant...

electrical safety

Preventing Lab Electric Shock and Fires

Electrical hazards are a common lab safety concern. Most laboratory equipment uses electricity to work, so students and lab staff must stay alert around cords, plugs, and powered devices. Improper use of electrical equipment can cause electric shock. In serious cases, this can lead to injury or death. Electrical sparks are also dangerous in the lab. They can start a fire or trigger an explosion. This risk matters because many flammable chemicals may be stored near powered instruments. Knowing...

working with centrifuges

Centrifuge Safety and Sample Separation

Centrifuges are used to separate heterogeneous mixtures by spinning particles in a fluid at high speed. The motion creates a force away from the axis of rotation. Heavier particles move faster toward the bottom of the sample holder, and the rate depends on particle size and density. This process is called centrifugation, and it speeds up sedimentation, which is the settling of particles out of a liquid. Gravity can separate some mixtures on its own, but that can take a long time.

working with hot and cold sources

Safe Use of Lab Heat and Cold Sources

Safe use of lab heat and cold sources is an important part of laboratory work. Extreme temperatures are common in many lab tasks. They can involve both high heat and very low temperatures. Bunsen burners and hot plates are widely used in research labs and industry. A Bunsen burner is a gas burner that gives a direct flame. A hot plate is an electric device that warms containers without an open flame. Because these tools reach high temperatures, users need to follow safe handling procedures. <br...

guidelines in case of a laboratory emergency

guidelines-in-case-of-a-laboratory-emergency

Lab Spill and Accident Response Basics

Lab spill and accident response basics help students stay safe during common laboratory emergencies. The most common lab emergencies include chemical spills, fire or explosion, electric shock, and personnel injuries. Many accidents happen because of poor planning or lack of attention, so prevention is always the first step. Good lab safety starts before an emergency happens. Students should wear proper personal protective equipment, or PPE, in the laboratory. Regular lab inspection and...

chemical storage: categories, hazards and compatibilities

chemical-storage-categories-hazards-and-compatibilities

Safe Chemical Labels and Storage Basics

Safe chemical storage and labeling help prevent dangerous reactions in school and research labs. Chemicals can vary widely in their properties and reactivity, so they must be managed, stored, and labeled correctly as part of an Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) program. If chemicals are not handled properly, they can create harmful or even destructive results. These risks include toxic fume production, fire, explosion, human fatality, property damage, and environmental hazards. Proper...

safe handling of mineral acids

Mineral Acids in the Lab

Mineral acids are common chemicals in research laboratories, and they must be handled with care. These acids, also called inorganic acids, are water-soluble acids formed from inorganic minerals by chemical reaction. Their corrosive nature makes them a major safety risk in the lab. Examples of mineral acids include boric acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. These acids are important reagents in research, and...

handling chemical spills

Chemical Spill Safety in the Lab

Chemical spill safety in the lab is essential whenever hazardous chemicals are used. Spills can happen at any time during laboratory work. Even a small spill can become dangerous if people are not prepared to respond quickly and correctly. Preparing for a chemical spill helps protect public health and the environment. Lab teams need to know how to respond to accidental releases of hazardous chemicals before an emergency happens. Safe cleanup also depends on proper disposal of the spilled...

proper use of autoclaves

Autoclaving Lab Materials Safely

Autoclaving lab materials safely is an important part of decontamination in the laboratory. This method is commonly used for items that have contacted biological samples, especially those that may contain microorganisms. An autoclave cleans materials with pressurized steam at a high temperature. The steam and heat work together to kill microorganisms on the loaded items. For this reason, effective autoclaving depends on good steam flow and strong heat transfer. Packaging matters because it...

fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets

Airflow Controls for Safer Lab Workspaces

Fume hoods and laminar flow cabinets are airflow controls used in laboratories. They both rely on a constant stream of air to protect the lab environment and the people in it. These systems work in similar ways, but they serve different purposes. A fume hood is a ventilation system that helps reduce exposure to hazardous vapors, fumes, and particles. Air is drawn into the hood opening, which helps keep harmful substances inside the workspace. The air is then pulled out through the exhaust. A...

handling air- and water-sensitive chemicals using a schlenk line

handling-air-and-water-sensitive-chemicals-using-a-schlenk-line

Schlenk Line Setup for Inert Atmospheres

A Schlenk line helps chemists work with air- and water-sensitive chemicals. It provides an air-free way to handle reagents that can react with oxygen or moisture. This makes it useful in a chemical laboratory when careful control of the atmosphere is needed. The glass apparatus is commonly used because it can create an inert gas environment or a vacuum. Inert gases such as nitrogen and argon can be used to protect the reaction. The same setup can also expose glassware to vacuum when needed. A...

proper operation of vacuum based equipment

proper-operation-of-vacuum-based-equipment

Vacuum Pumps for Laboratory Procedures

Vacuum pumps are used in many laboratory procedures that need low pressure. They help create vacuum conditions for experiments and equipment that must run below normal atmospheric pressure. In the lab, vacuum pumps are the most common way to achieve this low-pressure environment. They can also support rapid changes in the atmosphere inside a reactor or flask. This is done by evacuating the vessel and then backfilling it with another gas.

operating the glovebox

Glovebox Atmosphere and Sample Transfer

A glovebox is an enclosed workspace that keeps an inert atmosphere inside. Scientists use built-in gloves to handle chemicals or equipment without exposing the inside of the box to outside air. The box uses positive pressure to help make up for small passive leaks. Objects can be moved in and out through an antechamber, which works like an airlock between the glovebox and the outside atmosphere. Some gloveboxes have more than one pair of gloves. The number of glove ports depends on the size...

operation of high-pressure reactor vessels

operation-of-high-pressure-reactor-vessels

Safe Use of Pressure Vessels in Chemistry

High-pressure reactor vessels are used in synthetic chemistry to handle gases safely during reactions. They help chemists carry out gas-based processes such as hydrogenation, oxidation, and amination. These reactions often use hydrogen, oxygen, or ammonia, which are important reagents in the lab. These gases usually dissolve poorly in standard reaction mixtures. Because of that, high pressure is needed to make the reaction proceed at a useful rate. The vessel creates a sealed space that keeps...

decontamination for laboratory biosafety

Lab Cleaning Methods for Biosafety

Laboratory cleaning methods are a key part of biosafety because microbial contamination can build up and spread disease. Decontamination is used to reduce that risk on lab surfaces and equipment. The level of cleaning depends on how much contamination is present and what kind of item needs treatment. Decontamination can be grouped into disinfection and sterilization. Disinfection removes pathogenic microorganisms, but it does not remove bacterial spores on lab surfaces or equipment.

proper waste disposal

Lab waste management and safety are essential parts of any laboratory activity. Waste generated during work must be handled correctly from the moment it is created until it reaches its final offsite disposal facility. Poor waste disposal can seriously harm public health and the environment. A waste management system should be planned before any lab work begins. This system guides how waste is collected, stored, and prepared for removal. For hazardous waste, special rules apply because its...

lab safety

本系列提供了使用危险材料和设备时应遵循的安全指导原则。它涵盖了个人防护装备，电气安全和一般应急指南等普遍主题，以及化学和生物实验室的一些特定安全程序。

Learn why lab waste must be managed from creation to final disposal, and how EHS and OSHA rules help protect health and the environment.

Lab Waste Management and Safety | JoVE K12

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Earth Science

Human Sustainability

HS-ESS3-4

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

ES.6

ES.6.a

Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills

Earth Systems Science

112.49.c.13.

112.49.c.13.A.

Specialised Topic in Science

112.51.c.1.

112.51.c.1.C.

Florida Department of Education

Life Science

SC.912.L.17

SC.912.L.17.14

Biology

BIO.1

BIO.1.C

Chemistry and Physics

IPC.1

IPC.1.C

new-york-state-science-learning-standards

New York State Science Learning Standards

engineering-technology-and-applications-of-science

Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science

Engineering Design

HS-ETS1-2.

HS-ETS1-3.

HS-ETS1-4.

Earth and Space Sciences

HS-ESS3-3.

HS-ESS3-4.

Robert Rioux

Overview

Principles of Proper Waste Disposal

Procedure for Waste Handling

Summary

Threats to Biodiversity

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The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among ...

Energy Dynamics

The Food Chain
Energy is one of the most important abiotic factors in an ecosystem and organisms in an ecosystem are connected by the flow of energy and ...

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, &#8220;Climate is what you expect. ...

Sustainable Development

As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet&rsquo;s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a ...

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global ...

Extinction

The History of Life on Earth
Fossils of organisms that were different from anything alive today had been documented as early as the 17th century, but it ...

Ecological Disturbance

An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced ...

Climate Change

The certainty of climate change remains a public controversy despite the consensus among approximately 97% of active climate researchers, who not only ...

Habitat Fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land ...

Analyze and interpret data to explain the impacts of land use on Earth's systems.

ESS.EES.5.1

water-quality-analysis-via-indicator-organisms

Water Quality Analysis via Indicator Organisms

Source: Laboratories of Dr. Ian Pepper and Dr. Charles Gerba -The University of Arizona
Demonstrating Author: Luisa Ikner
Water quality analysis monitors ...

Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential plant nutrients found in aquatic ...

turbidity-and-total-solids-in-surface-water

Turbidity and Total Solids in Surface Water

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
Turbidity and total solids are related measurements addressing clarity of ...

environmental-applications-of-microorganisms

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as ...

Dissolved Oxygen in Surface Water

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
Dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements calculate the amount of gaseous oxygen ...

The Water Cycle

The Earth&rsquo;s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, ...

Biodiversity and Human Values

Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather ...

Analyze and interpret data to evaluate how human use of ground and surface waters impacts water quality and availability in river basins, wetlands, estuaries, and aquifers.

ESS.EES.5.2

Measuring Tropospheric Ozone

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
Ozone is a form of elemental oxygen (O3), a molecule of three oxygen atoms ...

determination-of-nox-in-automobile-exhaust-using-uv-vis-spectroscopy

Determination Of NOx in Automobile Exhaust Using UV-VIS Spectroscopy

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
In the troposphere, ozone is naturally formed when sunlight splits nitrogen ...

What is Weather?

Overview

Weather refers to the current state of atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place. Weather is temporary and is influenced by the ...

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the ...

design-example-sustainability-in-concrete-building

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

A construction firm specializing in concrete buildings constructed a sustainable commercial building.&#160;
The various sustainable practices incorporated ...

The Efficient Level of Pollution

Producing goods often results in pollution as a byproduct, but eliminating all pollution isn&#39;t practical. Doing so would mean halting the production ...

Construct an argument to evaluate the ways that human activities influence atmospheric composition.

ESS.EES.5.3

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Source: Laboratories of Margaret Workman and Kimberly Frye - Depaul University
The United States consumes a large amount of energy &#8211; the current ...

Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Source: Tamara M. Powers, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&#38;M University
Today&#39;s modern world requires the use of a large amount of energy. While ...

Energy

The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.&#160; The different forms of energy on Earth originate from ...

Construct an argument to evaluate the benefits and trade-offs of using non-renewable or renewable energy sources for electricity production and transportation fuels.

ESS.EES.5.4

Robert M. Rioux and Taslima A. Zaman, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA

Users are responsible for the proper disposal of the waste ...

Green Marketing

Green marketing is about promoting products or services by highlighting their environmental advantages.
These products or services are produced and ...

The Efficient Amount of Recycling I

In an imaginary town, Greendale, residents carelessly dispose of recyclable plastics due to minimal additional trash pickup fees, leading to recyclable ...

The Efficient Amount of Recycling II

In the town of Greendale, tackling the recyclable plastic waste issue with price or quantity mechanisms, such as a disposal fee, quota, or disposable ...

Bioremediation

Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins ...

Construct an argument to evaluate potential solutions that will ensure sustainable consumption of Earth's resources.

Evaluate how human consumption patterns impact Earth's systems.

Lab Waste Management and Safety

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