go to jove.com

HIGH SCHOOL

Chemistry

Concept Videos

Analytical Chemistry

This is a free preview. For full access

Introduction to Separation Methods

Distillation and Boiling Point Changes

Description

Distillation separates a miscible liquid mixture by using differences in boiling points. It works best when the two liquids have a significant boiling point gap, usually at least 20°C. In this process, the mixture is heated until the more volatile component reaches its bubble point and begins to vaporize.

Transcript

蒸馏可分离沸点差异显著且具有不同气液平衡关系的互溶液体,这种气液平衡关系反映了各组分在气相与液相之间的分布情况。

当混合物被加热时,首先出现的蒸气泡对应于较易挥发组分的泡点。

蒸气被冷凝为液体,称为馏出液,并与混合物分离收集。早期的馏出液富含挥发性较高的组分,因为挥发性较低的组分仍倾向于留在液相中。

随着挥发性较强的组分不断蒸发,维持沸腾所需的温度逐渐升高。

因此,随着蒸馏的进行,较难挥发组分的蒸发速率增加,使得中间馏分成为更均匀的混合物。最终的馏分富含较难挥发的组分。

More videos by Standards