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HIGH SCHOOL

Biology

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Cell Biology

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Visualizing Cells, Tissues, and Molecules

How Light Microscopes Bring Samples Into View

Description

Optical microscopy uses light and lenses to make tiny biological samples visible. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek built the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to view blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister developed an essentially modern light microscope. During the 20th century, mi...

Transcript

光学显微镜利用光源照射样本。光线穿过一系列透镜;聚光镜将光线聚焦在样本上,而物镜和目镜则形成一个放大且倒置的二维图像。

物镜的数值孔径决定了其收集光线的能力。收集的光量取决于光锥的角度以及光线所通过介质的折射率,例如 空气、水或油。

光学显微镜的分辨率极限为0.2微米。它们可以分辨原核细胞或真核细胞内的大型细胞器,这些结构的直径约为0.5微米。 

物镜的分辨率与光的波长和物镜的数值孔径成反比;该值越小,放大图像的分辨率越高。

光学显微镜可产生最大1000倍的放大图像,该放大倍数由物镜和目镜的放大倍数相乘得到。