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Chemistry

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Analytical Chemistry

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Introduction to Separation Methods

Selective Ion Separation by Precipitation

Description

Selective ion separation by precipitation is used to isolate ions from a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent can be separated by using differences in their solubility products. A solubility product is the limit at which an ionic solid begins to form...

Transcript

沉淀和共沉淀技术可用于分离离子混合物。

当不同的离子与同一种试剂形成微溶盐时,如果它们的溶度积存在显著差异,则可以通过沉淀法进行分离。

在硫化氢的酸性溶液中,铜离子与硫离子浓度的乘积超过其溶度积,因此硫化铜沉淀析出,而亚铁离子则留在溶液中。

然而,当降低溶液酸度以提高硫离子浓度时,硫化铁会沉淀出来。

共沉淀是一种沉淀物被母液中可溶性物质污染的现象。

例如,被砷污染的水可通过一种基于共沉淀的称为集取法的工艺进行净化。

在此过程中,将铁颗粒加入含砷污染的水中,并将其氧化以生成氢氧化铁沉淀。

砷可与氢氧化铁共沉淀,并可通过过滤产生无毒的饮用水。

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