我们展示了一种逐步研究腹膜组织驻留巨噬细胞中基因功能的实验方案 体内,使用慢病毒载体。
方法文章
我们展示了一种逐步研究腹膜组织驻留巨噬细胞中基因功能的实验方案 体内,使用慢病毒载体。
腹膜组织驻留巨噬细胞在维持内环境稳态中具有广泛功能,并参与局部及邻近组织的病理过程。其功能由微环境信号所决定;因此,有必要在原位研究其行为 体内 生理生态位。目前,特异性靶向腹膜巨噬细胞的方法主要依赖于全鼠转基因模型。本文提供一种高效 体内 描述了使用慢病毒颗粒对腹膜巨噬细胞中mRNA和小RNA(如microRNA)表达的调控。慢病毒制备在HEK293T细胞中进行,并通过单层蔗糖梯度纯化。 在体内的 通过腹腔注射慢病毒后的有效性验证显示,感染主要局限于局部组织的巨噬细胞。在稳态条件下以及巯基葡聚糖诱导的腹膜炎模型中,均成功实现了对腹腔巨噬细胞的靶向。本文讨论了该方案的局限性,包括慢病毒腹腔递送可能引发的轻度炎症反应以及后续实验的时间限制。总体而言,本研究提供了一种快速且易于实施的方案,可用于快速评估基因在腹腔巨噬细胞中的功能 体内.
Tissue-resident macrophages (Mφ) are a heterogeneous population of phagocytic immune cells that sense and respond to invading pathogens1,2. In addition, they play an essential role in tissue development, remodeling, and maintaining homeostasis1,3. Many tissue Mφ derive from yolk sac progenitors during embryogenesis and persist in the tissue throughout the life4,5. The phenotype and functions of these cells are dictated by collaborative and hierarchical interactions of specific transcription factors and the local microenvironment6,7,8,9. A growing understanding of this dependency increases the need for effective in vivo methods for gene manipulation of Mφ within their physiologically relevant niche.
Lentiviral vectors are a frequently employed tool for the manipulation of nucleic acids in specific cell populations in vivo10,11,12, particularly due to their ability to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells and to stably integrate into host genome13,14. Over the last two decades, lentivirus delivery technology has been optimized, and alternative envelopes and synthetic promoters have been investigated to increase lineage-specific targeting8,15. Owing to its broad cell tropism, vesicular stomatitis virus envelop glycoprotein (VSV-G)16,17 has become the "gold-standard" envelope used in lentivirus technology.
In this protocol18, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles are employed to demonstrate targeted and effective delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and microRNA (miR) to mouse peritoneal Mφ (pMφ) in vivo, at steady state19. Transgene expression was driven by the spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) promoter. Productive infection of cells was defined by expression of lentivirus-derived enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). Utilization of this approach allowed easy readout for in vivo lentivirus experiments to define the optimal dose and the experimental timeframe. Finally, in vivo lentiviral challenge of mice during thioglycolate-induced inflammation revealed the natural propensity for selective pMφ infection.
所有动物实验均按照机构和英国政府内政部的指导原则进行。
注意:所有涉及慢病毒的体内研究均应遵循当地和国家关于实验动物伦理使用的指南,并遵守与使用第二类感染性材料相关的所有规定。动物福利也应根据当地法规进行监测。在本实验步骤中,操作慢病毒颗粒和锐器时需格外小心。
1. 转染前HEK293T细胞的准备
注意:这些步骤需在无菌的组织培养生物安全柜中进行。
2. 使用非脂质体脂质转染试剂对HEK293T细胞进行转染
3. 慢病毒颗粒的收集
4. 慢病毒的纯化
在 Jurkat T 细胞中进行慢病毒生产的滴定
6. 体内 组织驻留型腹腔巨噬细胞的慢病毒感染
7. 收集慢病毒感染小鼠的腹腔细胞
警告:在慢病毒注射后72小时内进行样本收集时,须遵循机构规定的生物安全二级标准。在慢病毒注射后最初72小时内饲养感染动物的垫料及饲养笼盒,必须根据机构规定的生物安全二级标准进行去污处理。
8. 腹膜细胞染色与分析
9. 从器官中提取细胞
若完全且正确地执行本方案,每次制备可获得总量为1.5 mL的高质量慢病毒原液,足以用于十二次实验 体内 根据本研究确定的最佳体积进行注射18转染的成功可在实验方案的早期进行评估。健康的、汇合的HEK293T细胞在质粒转染后48小时,若质粒中含有可检测的标记基因(例如本研究中使用的GFP),应显示出易于检测的标记信号。图1A信号强度低、细胞脱落过多以及实验早期步骤中细胞融合度低,可能表明细胞死亡,将导致慢病毒制备的产量低下。在可选收集步骤II(步骤3.5.1)之前出现一定程度的细胞脱落是可见且正常的。
本实验方案中使用三种质粒来产生慢病毒颗粒:pCMV-ΔR8.91 包装质粒,编码HIV-1结构蛋白(Gag)、辅助蛋白Tat和Rev以及逆转录酶聚合酶(Pol)22;pMD2.G 质粒,在CMV启动子控制下编码VSV-G包膜蛋白13;以及根据需要改造的pHR'SIN-cPPT-SEW质粒(编码增强型GFP标记)19,用于表达shRNA或microRNA。
由于Jurkat T细胞系具有高感染性,因此常用于慢病毒制剂的滴定23成功的慢病毒制备可实现超过95%的感染率,且所需剂量低至5 µL(图2A)。随着剂量的增加,感染细胞的平均荧光强度持续上升(图2B,C)。如有需要,可通过实时PCR检测整合的病毒成分(例如SFFV启动子)来测定病毒滴度,其与表达GFP的细胞百分比呈线性相关,与GFP的平均荧光强度(MFI)呈对数相关。图2D)。根据构建体的不同,尤其是插入片段较大的情况24,某些慢病毒制备物在Jurkat T细胞中可能表现出感染效率降低,本研究中所用的Cre-GFP载体即显示出这一现象(图2E,F)。在这种情况下,可将多次制备的慢病毒颗粒合并,并重悬于1 mL中。我们建议对这些制备物的免疫反应进行验证 体内 在实验之前。显然,使用与本实验中VSV-G不同的进入受体的慢病毒制备物,其在Jurkat T细胞系中的感染效率可能有所不同,具体取决于细胞表面相应受体的表达情况。用于滴定的细胞系应选择那些表达慢病毒颗粒进入细胞所依赖的受体、并且最好缺乏或仅低水平表达限制因子的细胞系。25.
通过感染pMφ(定义为CD11b)进一步证实了慢病毒颗粒的成功制备+ F4/80+ 和 Tim4+ 群体18 (图3A)。我们确定,向腹腔内注射100 µL慢病毒制剂(总体积为200 µL无血清培养基)可在此类细胞中获得最高比例和最强强度的GFP信号(图 3B,C)。注射较高剂量(150 µL 和 200 µL 慢病毒制剂)对腹腔巨噬细胞(pMφ)中 GFP 表达无促进作用。腹腔内(i.p.)注射 100 µL 慢病毒后,在 4 小时、3 天、7 天和 14 天进行的时间过程实验显示,第 3 天和第 7 天有显著比例的 GFP 表达型常驻 pMφ,至第 14 天感染细胞群消失(图3D,E)。有趣的是,表达GFP的pMφ在感染后第14天时基本消失,部分原因是免疫系统对GFP标记物的识别。事实上,在Treg细胞特异性的Foxp3-DTR-eGFP小鼠中,使用携带GFP标记的慢病毒实验可防止感染的定居pMφ被排斥,至少持续至第21天(图 3F对于在Jurkat细胞中效果降低的慢病毒制备物,需要使用更高剂量才能达到预期的感染率 体内然而,如Cre-GFP慢病毒制备所示,根据载体设计的不同,即使在腹腔注射后7天给予300 µL剂量,也可能产生较差的结果(图3G)。我们先前已证明该方案在基因过表达和基因敲低方面具有成功应用。 体内 在小鼠pMφ中,包括慢病毒shRNA介导的 Map3k8 和 Gata6 敲低,以及 Gata6 过表达19在此,我们证明该方案也可成功用于在常驻腹膜巨噬细胞(pMφ)中通过慢病毒载体介导的shRNA过表达小鼠miR-146b(mmu-miR-146b)以及敲低细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM1, CD54)图3H,I).
感染原代细胞(如巨噬细胞)需要更高的慢病毒输入量,这可能是由于这些细胞中存在限制因子。限制因子是细胞的天然保护机制,可干扰病毒生命周期的某些步骤,例如逆转录或整合,从而抑制载体中基因的表达。
进一步的体内验证实验表明,腹腔注射慢病毒递送方式对腹膜免疫细胞的存活率无显著影响(图4A),并显示出不同驻留型pMφ亚群(根据CD73和Tim4标志物的表达定义)具有差异性的感染效率(图4B、C)。重要的是,慢病毒的有效感染仅局限于注射部位的驻留巨噬细胞,这由挑战后7天时肠系膜淋巴结(mLN)、肺、肝或脾脏巨噬细胞中均未检测到显著的GFP表达所证实(图4D)。鉴于在许多情况下,巨噬细胞的遗传靶向需在炎症条件下进行,我们进一步研究了该方案在经腹腔注射0.1 mL 4%巯基乙酸盐处理的小鼠中的有效性。巯基乙酸盐注射可诱导炎性单核细胞来源的巨噬细胞及单核样细胞大量浸润,这些细胞可被分为5个不同的群体(图4E)。流式细胞术分析显示,单核样细胞(Ly6Chi群体1和2)对慢病毒感染表现出抵抗性,这与先前在人类细胞中的研究结果一致26。相比之下,驻留型巨噬细胞和单核细胞(群体3–5)仍保持较高的感染易感性(图4F)。
详细的流式细胞术分析检测到GFP表达主要存在于腹腔常驻巨噬细胞(Mφ)以及主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)II类分子阳性(MHCII+)的常驻腹腔巨噬细胞(pMφ)(MHCII+ F4/80+ Tim4+)中(注射后第3天最高可达60%)(图5A)。在其他腹腔细胞群体中几乎未检测到GFP信号,包括骨髓来源的腹腔巨噬细胞/树突状细胞(MHCII+、CD11b+、CD11c+)、B细胞(CD19+)、T细胞(CD3+)、肥大细胞(CD11b-、FcεR1+)、嗜酸性粒细胞(Siglec-F+)、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞,CD19-、NK1.1+)以及中性粒细胞(Ly6G+)(图5A、B)。所有细胞群体中GFP表达的持续时间(图5C)与腹腔常驻巨噬细胞的表达持续时间一致(图1D)。在腹腔注射100 µL慢病毒(溶于200 µL无血清培养基中)后4小时,中性粒细胞比例出现短暂升高(图5D),表明受处理动物体内存在早期轻度炎症反应。最后,常驻pMφ在感染后第7至14天期间频率显著下降(图5E),提示最佳实验观察窗口为注射后第3至7天。

图1:在HEK293T细胞中生产慢病毒。 (A) 转染成功48小时后HEK293T细胞的代表性免疫荧光图像(荧光显微镜[488 nm激发峰,510 nm发射峰],20倍放大,比例尺 = 400 µm)。B) 超速离心锥形管照片,管中含20%蔗糖层(底部,无色)和转染的HEK293T细胞收集的培养基层(顶部,红色)。C) 圆锥形超速离心管正确插入转子吊桶中的照片,包括适配器。D) 显示超速离心机转子正确与不正确平衡的示意图。EII级生物安全柜及材料的最佳配置照片 体内 适用于惯用右手者的注射操作。该图已获 Ipseiz N 等人许可修改。18. 请点击此处以查看此图的放大版本。

图2:慢病毒在Jurkat T细胞中的滴定。(A)Jurkat T细胞在感染含GFP质粒的慢病毒后72小时,采用递增剂量进行感染,流式细胞术分析代表性结果,显示GFP+细胞百分比(GFP+);(B)GFP+细胞的平均荧光强度(MFI);以及(C)GFP表达的代表性直方图。(D)散点图显示MFI(左侧Y轴)和表达GFP的慢病毒感染细胞百分比(右侧Y轴)与每皮克DNA检测到的病毒拷贝数(X轴)之间的关系。(E)Jurkat T细胞感染次优制备的Cre-GFP慢病毒(Cre-GFP LV)与对照GFP慢病毒(GFP LV)的代表性直方图;以及(F)总结数据,显示被Cre-GFP慢病毒感染的Jurkat T细胞中GFP+细胞的百分比。本图经Ipseiz N等18许可修改。请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。

图3常驻腹膜巨噬细胞的感染效率 (A) 组织驻留性巨噬细胞(CD11b)的设门策略+,Tim4+,F4/80+)和 Tim4-F4/80+ 细胞。细胞首先根据单细胞进行设门,随后根据 CD11b 设门+. (B代表性散点图,以及(C感染频率(% GFP+ 细胞)和强度(MFI)的总结+ 3天后分离的细胞 体内 使用不同量的GFP慢病毒制剂进行感染。 (D代表性散点图,以及(E不同时间点分离的GFP+细胞的感染频率(% GFP+细胞)和感染强度(MFI)汇总 体内 在200 µL无血清培养基中加入100 µL慢病毒进行感染。(F) Foxp3-DTR-eGFP 小鼠经腹腔注射表达 GFP 的慢病毒后第 7、14 和 21 天细胞数量的汇总,显示表达 GFP 的腹膜巨噬细胞(pMφ)以及炎症性巨噬细胞和树突状细胞(InfMØs/DCs [F480低]).(每组 n = 1–2)。(G代表性散点图显示次优情况 体内 感染 Gata6-敲除mye 19 腹腔注射后第7天,用300 µL Cre-GFP慢病毒转导原位pMφ。H) 经刺激的腹腔常驻巨噬细胞中 mmu-miR-146b-5p 表达的 RT-qPCR 定量分析 体内 使用100 µL编码小鼠microRNA-146b(miR-146b)或对照(C)的慢病毒转导。原位巨噬细胞(白色圆圈)和Tim4-,F4/80+ 细胞(灰色圆圈)。(我成功下调雌性129S6小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中ICAM1的代表性散点图,该小鼠在注射含靶向shRNA的慢病毒7天后取样。图中显示对照shRNA结果,叠加曲线为同型对照。数据以均值±标准误表示,n≥2只小鼠。本图经Ipseiz N等人许可修改。18. 请点击此处以查看此图的放大版本。

图4不同驻留型pMφ亚群的感染效率 (A) 接受100 µL无血清培养基(-)或GFP慢病毒(+)腹腔注射后7天,总单个核细胞及驻留巨噬细胞的存活率。B门控策略显示发现的四种主要pMφ群体 体内CD73+Tim4+CD73-Tim4-CD73+Tim4-CD73-Tim4+,以及(C)相应感染频率(% GFP+ 细胞)和感染强度(GFP+ 细胞的 MFI)。D) 腹腔注射100 µL慢病毒后7天,多个器官中GFP+细胞的百分比。缩写:mLN,肠系膜淋巴结。E小鼠经腹腔注射0.1 mL 4%巯基乙酸盐,连续5天,随后进行腹腔注射慢病毒。慢病毒腹腔注射后3天,对腹腔巨噬细胞(pMφ)和单核细胞进行流式设门策略分析。F) GFP+ 单核细胞(Ly6C)的感染频率、MFI 及细胞数量分析+)和巨噬细胞(Ly6C-)。数据以均值 ± 标准误表示,n ≥ 3 只小鼠。本图已获 Ipseiz N 等人许可修改。18. 请点击此处以查看此图的放大版本。

图5慢病毒注射对腹膜炎症的影响 小鼠被注射 体内 腹腔注射表达GFP的慢病毒。A) 不同体积慢病毒注射(50 µL、100 µL、150 µL 或 200 µL)后腹腔内细胞群体的感染频率。B) 腹腔注射后7天,有 productive 感染的细胞群体中GFP表达强度。C腹腔注射后不同时间点腹腔内细胞群体的感染频率。D)和(E) 腹腔注射后不同时间点的细胞百分比。所有慢病毒注射均使用无血清培养基补足至相同总体积 200 µL。除非另有说明,慢病毒剂量为 100 µL。对照组小鼠(“C”)接受 200 µL 无稀释的无血清培养基。数据以均值 ± 标准误表示,n ≥ 3 只小鼠。本图已获 Ipseiz N 等人许可修改。18. 请点击此处以查看此图的放大版本。
| 抗体靶标 | 荧光染料 | 克隆号 | 使用稀释度 | 终浓度 [μg/mL] |
| HIV-1 核心抗原 | RD1 | FH190-1-1 | 1/100 | 1 |
| I-A/I-E | PerCpCy5.5 | M5/114.15.2 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| Ly6G | PerCpCy5.5 | 1A8 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| CD3e | PerCpCy5.5 | 17A2 | 1/200 | 1 |
| CD3e | PE/Cy7 | 500A2 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| CD11c | PE/Cy7 | N418 | 1/800 | 0.25 |
| CD11c | BV605 | N418 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| CD226 | AF647 | 10 E 5 | 1/400 | 1.25 |
| Tim4 | AF647 | RTM4-54 | 1/600 | 0.83 |
| CD4 | APC | GK1.5 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| CD11b | AF700 | M1/70 | 1/700 | 0.71 |
| CD11b | PerCpCy5.5 | M1/70 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| F4/80 | Pacific Blue | BM8 | 1/700 | 0.71 |
| F4/80 | BV605 | BM8 | 1/400 | 0.25 |
| F4/80 | BV711 | BM8 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| CD73 | eFluor450 | TY/11.8 | 1/400 | 2.5 |
| CD19 | V450 | 1D3 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| CD19 | APC | 1D3 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| CD8a | eFluor450 | 53-6.7 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| SiglecF | BV421 | E50-2440 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| NK1.1 | APC/Cy7 | PK136 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| FceR1 | eFluor450 | MAR-1 | 1/400 | 0.5 |
| ICAM1 | PE | 1A29 | 1/100 | 2 |
| 大鼠 IgG1, κ 同型对照 | PE | 1/100 | 2 |
表1:抗体列表
Tissue-resident macrophages perform a range of homeostatic and inflammatory tissue-specific functions1,2 dictated by their physiological environment6,7,8,9. In this protocol, an effective method18 for manipulation of peritoneal resident macrophages in vivo using lentivirus particles was introduced to investigate macrophage function in their biological microenvironment.
It is essential for the success of the protocol to use healthy HEK293T cells. It is the best practice to defrost the cells at least a week prior to the start of this protocol to ensure cell recovery and good numbers. Cells should be seeded in an appropriate volume of medium one day before planned transfection and should reach about 80% confluency on the day of transfection. Under- or over-confluent cell preparations will result in reduced lentivirus yield. We recommend transfecting HEK293T cells with the transfection reagent according to the manufacturer's instructions for the best results. Essential steps of the transfection include appropriate mixing of the plasmids and reagents and dropwise addition of the mix directly to the HEK293T cell monolayer. Calcium phosphate transfection of HEK293T cells27,28 could be employed in this protocol. However, the user should be aware that the effectiveness of this method can vary, and it can result in diminished transfection efficiency.
Safety precautions should be considered in the protocol from the day of HEK293T cell transfection. These include working in a category II safety cabinet, wearing double gloves when handling contaminated material, and appropriate bleaching of the contaminated material (with decontamination solution, for example, 2,000 ppm bleach solution) for minimum 4 h. Users should refer to their institutional regulations regarding work with category II pathogens and waste.
In this protocol, the lentivirus preparation is first purified using a 0.45 µm filter to remove HEK293T cell debris. The use of smaller filters (0.22 µm) and cellulose ester membranes should be avoided as it will result in the loss of lentivirus particles. It is recommended to use low protein binding polyether sulfone or polyvinylidene fluoride filters29. The second purification step is performed on the single 20% sucrose layer in an ultracentrifuge to remove remaining impurities, which is particularly important for the consequent in vivo administration of the lentivirus preparation. In the institutions where an ultracentrifuge is not available, others30 have described sucrose-based lentivirus purification using a standard laboratory centrifuge. This could be implemented in this protocol as an alternative. Lentivirus preparation is titrated in Jurkat T cells on the expression of the marker signal (e.g., GFP used in this protocol). For constructs without markers, physical lentivirus particles could be evaluated by quantification of HIV-1 p24gag protein by ELISA kit31, flow cytometry analysis of HIV-1 core antigen18, or measurement of the changes to the targeted gene (preferentially using the methods allowing measurement of changes in individual cells, e.g., flow cytometry or microscopy). If titration of the control and lentivirus differ significantly in Jurkat T cells, the volumes used for the in vivo studies can be adjusted to reach the most comparable infection between lentivirus preparations.
The major limitation of the protocol is the observed disappearance of GFP+ resident peritoneal Mφ within 14 days of i.p lentivirus injection. For long-term studies, mouse lines with stable genetic alteration in a specific cell type or tissues should be considered32. For example, as peritoneal macrophages do not express Foxp3 (a T-Reg protein), we utilized Foxp3-DTR-eGFP mice33 and confirmed that expression of GFP is maintained in peritoneal Mφ at 21 days post-infection (Figure 3F). However, it is important to note that the lentiviruses contain other foreign components, and this extension in the persistence of infected cells in the Foxp3-DTR-GFP mice may not be permanent. An additional weakness of this method is a low level of inflammation that can be observed in the peritoneal cavity following lentivirus injection, as witnessed by influx of neutrophils at 4 h post injection (Figure 5D), which may mean repeated infections would accelerate the inflammation-associated loss of GFP-expressing resident peritoneal Mφ. Although, we have not detected type I interferons (IFNs) in the peritoneal cavity, VSV-G pseudotyped lentivirus particles were previously demonstrated to induce some of the IFN-stimulated genes in human Mφ in the absence of detectable IFNs34. This should be considered when using this protocol for experiments investigating antiviral immune responses. The occurrence of acute and sustained inflammation after i.p injection of lentivirus preparation might indicate contamination of the preparation.
Areas of troubleshooting include: 1) for low lentivirus titer, ensure the health of HEK293T cells and effective transfection (e.g., marker expression, if present, in HEK293T cells). If the infection rate remains low, consider the size of the construct. Constructs with larger inserts or more complex secondary structures can affect the final lentivirus titer and infectivity24. Therefore, each construct should be tested independently and in parallel to its respective control vector; 2) If a high amount of the lentivirus is required, it is recommended to prepare multiple T175 flasks of HEK293T cells and to scale up the production accordingly. To avoid variation of the lentivirus preparations, it is the best practice to merge the final collections prior to aliquoting and storage. For such larger production, plasmids mix (section 2) should be prepared in 50 mL tubes to ensure effective mixing of the components.
Despite its broad tropism, VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral particles predominantly target tissue macrophages as demonstrated previously for alveolar35, and here18 for pMФ when administered by the respective routes. Alterations to the envelope on lentivirus particles can, in some cases, result in diminished transduction of macrophages in vivo36 and are unnecessary for this protocol. Compared to other viral approaches for in vivo gene manipulation in macrophages (reviewed in37), the use of lentiviral vectors offers stable integration of the transgene in tissue macrophages35, efficient transgene expression, and the largest vector size limit (approximately 8 Kb).
Peritoneal Mφ play an important role in the prevention, onset, progression, and resolution of various diseases, including abdominal cancers, pancreatitis, and peritonitis38. This protocol describes an effective tool for gene modification in murine pMφ, allowing investigation of the biological processes behind these pathologies within a physiologically relevant microenvironment. While lentiviral vectors themselves are becoming a tool of interest for clinical interventions39, due to the origin from the immunodeficiency virus and a stable genome integration, the safety concerns impede their therapeutic implementation. Further understanding of the macrophage responses to lentiviral gene modulation could advance the application of this highly effective tool in a clinical setting.
作者无任何利益冲突需要披露。
本研究全部或部分由惠康信托调查员奖 [107964/Z/15/Z] 资助。P.R.T 还得到了支持 英国痴呆症研究所。M.A.C. 获得生物技术和生物科学研究理事会发现研究员项目(Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Discovery Fellowship)的支持。BB/T009543/1)。为开放获取的目的,作者已对由此投稿产生的任何作者接受稿版本应用了CC BY公共版权许可。L.C.D 是斯旺西大学的讲师,同时也是卡迪夫大学的荣誉研究员。本工作得到了Ipseiz等人2020年所开展工作的支持。18.
| 姓名 | 公司 | 目录编号 | 评论 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.05% 胰蛋白酶-EDTA (1x) (胰蛋白酶 500 mg/L 或 0.02 mM) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 25300054 | |
| 0.22 μm 无菌 millex GP 滤器 | Merck | SLGS033SS | |
| 0.45 μm 无菌 millex GP 滤器 | Merck | SLHP033RS | |
| 0.5 mL U-100 胰岛素注射器(带针头,0.33 mm × 12.7 mm (29 G)) | BD | 324892 | |
| 1 升锐器盒 | N/A | N/A | |
| 2.4G2 抗体 (TruStain FcX 抗小鼠 CD16/32) | Biolegend | 101320 | |
| 40 μm 细胞筛 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 22363547 | |
| AimV 培养基(研究级),AlbuMax 补充剂 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 31035025 | |
| 封闭缓冲液 | 实验室自制 | ||
| Brewer 巯基乙酸盐培养基 | Sigma-Aldrich | B2551 | 4% 储存液以水配制,经高压灭菌后冷冻保存 |
| CD11b | Biolegend | 101222 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD11b | BD | 550993 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD11c | Biolegend | 117317 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD11c | Biolegend | 117333 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD19 | BD | 560375 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD19 | Biolegend | 152410 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD226 | Biolegend | 128808 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD3e | BD | 560527 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD3e | Biolegend | 152313 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD4 | Biolegend | 100412 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD73 | eBioscience | 16-0731-82 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| CD8a | eBioscience | 48-0081-82 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| 细胞培养瓶 (T175 培养瓶,175 cm2,550 mL) | Greiner Bio One | 658175 | |
| 离心管,锥底管 (25 mm × 89 mm) | Beckman Coulter | 358126 | |
| 离心机 | Beckman Coulter | 超速离心机和 TC 离心机 | |
| IV 型胶原酶 | Sigma-Aldrich | C5138 | |
| 锥形离心管 (15 mL 和 50 mL) | Greiner Bio One | 11512303 & 11849650 | |
| 冻存管 | Greiner Bio One | 123277 | 或冻存管 |
| DMEM 培养基 (1x) + 4.5 g/L D-葡萄糖,400 µM L-谷氨酰胺 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 41965-062 | |
| DNase I | Sigma-Aldrich | 11284932001 | |
| Effectene 转染试剂 | Qiagen | 301425 | |
| F4/80 | Biolegend | 123123 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| F4/80 | Biolegend | 123133 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| F4/80 | Biolegend | 123147 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| FceR1 | eBioscience | 48-5898-80 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| 胎牛血清 (FCS) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10270-106 | 56 °C 水浴 30 分钟灭活,经 0.22 μm 滤器无菌过滤 |
| 流式细胞仪 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Attune NxT | |
| 流式细胞术 (FACS) 缓冲液 | 实验室自制 | ||
| 荧光细胞培养显微镜 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | EVOS FL | |
| 镊子 | N/A | N/A | 用户自选 |
| Hank's 平衡盐溶液 (HBSS) | Gibco, Life Technologies | 14175-053 | |
| HEK293T 细胞系 | 转染前至少培养一周,无支原体污染 | ||
| HIV-1 核心抗原 | Beckman Coulter | 6604667 | |
| 透明质酸酶 | Sigma-Aldrich | H3506 | |
| Hydrex 外科洗手液,含 4% w/v 葡萄糖酸氯己定皮肤清洁剂 | Ecolab | 3037170 | |
| I-A/I-E | Biolegend | 107625 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| ICAM1 | Becton Dickinson | 554970 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| Jurkat T 细胞系 | 使用前至少培养一周,无支原体污染 | ||
| LIVE/DEAD 可固定近红外死细胞染色试剂盒 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | L34975 | |
| Ly6G | Biolegend | 127615 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| 小鼠 | 此处使用 8–12 周龄 C57BL/6 雌性小鼠(Charles Rivers),除非另有说明 | ||
| 微量移液器(体积范围 0.5–1,000 μL) | Fisher Scientific & Starlab | 11963466 & 11943466 & 11973466 & S1111-3700 | |
| NK1.1 | Biolegend | 108724 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| 多聚甲醛 | Sigma-Aldrich | P6148-500G | 以 PBS 配制成 2% w/v 溶液 |
| pCMV-ΔR8.91 包装质粒 | Zuffrey, R., et al. 1997 | 编码由巨细胞病毒启动子驱动的 Gag-Pol HIV 蛋白,具有氨苄青霉素抗性 | |
| 青霉素/链霉素 (100x, 10,000 U/mL) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15140122 | |
| 培养皿 | Greiner Bio One | 664160 | |
| pHR'SIN-cPPT-SEW 质粒 | Rosas, M. et al. 2014 | 经改造用于 shRNA 和 miR 表达研究,编码位于 SFFV 启动子下游和土拨鼠肝炎病毒增强子上游的 EGFP 标记基因,具有氨苄青霉素抗性 | |
| pMD2.G 质粒 | Naldini, L. et al. 1996 | 编码水疱性口炎病毒糖蛋白 (VSV-G) 包膜蛋白,具有氨苄青霉素抗性 | |
| 大鼠 IgG1, κ 同型对照 | Becton Dickinson | 550617 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| 大鼠血清 | Sigma-Aldrich | R9759-10ML | |
| 红细胞 ACK 裂解缓冲液 | 实验室自制 | ||
| RPMI 1640 培养基 (1x) + 400 uM L-谷氨酰胺 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 21875-091 | |
| 皂苷 | Sigma-Aldrich | S4521 | |
| SiglecF | BD | 562681 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| 次氯酸钠片剂(漂白剂,2,000 ppm) | Guest Medical | H8818 | |
| 无菌 24 孔细胞培养板 | Greiner Bio One | 662160 | |
| 无菌杜氏磷酸盐缓冲液 (DPBS) (1x) Mg++ 和 Ca2+ 无 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 14190144 | |
| 无菌 EDTA | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15575020 | |
| 无菌 VWR 一次性移液管 (23.0 mL, 30 cm) | VWR | 612-4515 | |
| 蔗糖 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15503022 | |
| 手术剪 | N/A | N/A | 用户自选 |
| 注射器 (50 mL 和 10 mL) | Fisher Scientific | 10084450 & 768160 | |
| Tim4 | Biolegend | 130007 | 稀释比例和浓度请参见表 1 |
| U 型底 96 孔细胞培养板 | Greiner Bio One | 650180 |
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