Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Spinosum - Related Videos
08:00
Measuring and Modeling Contractile Drying in Human Stratum Corneum
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Cited by 2 •
2017
This article describes a method of quantifying the dynamic drying behavior and mechanical properties of stratum corneum by measuring spatially resolved in-plane drying displacements of circular tissue samples adhered to an elastomer substrate. This technique can be used to measure how different chemical treatments alter drying and tissue mechanical properties.
09:32
Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Cited by 1 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol for collection of confocal Raman spectra from human subjects in clinical studies combined with chemometric approaches for spectral outlier removal and the subsequent extraction of key features.
09:16
Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis
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Cited by 22 •
2015
The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and detailed protocol on how to generate genetically modified human organotypic skin from epidermal keratinocytes and devitalized human dermis.
02:58
Generating Local Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) Gamma Oscillations Using Tetanic Stimulations in a Hippocampal Brain Slice
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2025
This video demonstrates the procedure of inducing local CA1 gamma oscillations in a CA1 hippocampal mouse brain slice using tetanic simulations. This method is important to understand the neuronal network activity.
03:10
Recording CA3-CA1 Synaptic Responses in a Rat Hippocampal Slice
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2025
This video demonstrates a method to record CA3-CA1 synaptic responses in a rat hippocampal slice. It outlines the steps involved in placing the stimulating and recording electrodes on the hippocampal slice and measuring the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) to assess synaptic response strength.
FAQs
Desmosomes form strong connections between neighboring keratinocytes, distributing forces across multiple cells rather than allowing stress to concentrate at one point. This arrangement helps the epidermis resist stretching and physical distortion as the skin moves. Their structural role is especially important while keratinocytes remain living and continue progressing through differentiation toward the outer epidermal barrier.
The apparent spines result from desmosomal connections that remain visible between keratinocytes during tissue preparation. The cells are not inherently covered with projections; instead, the junctions create the characteristic appearance when surrounding cellular material changes during sectioning. Recognizing this feature helps distinguish the spinous layer in microscopic examinations of epidermal organization.
Keratinocytes enlarge as they move toward the skin surface and begin producing structural proteins and lipids. These changes mark progressive differentiation, a developmental process in which living epidermal cells acquire features needed for the protective outer barrier. The spinous layer therefore represents an active transition zone linking cellular renewal below with barrier formation above.
Langerhans cells provide immune surveillance within the epidermis, monitoring the tissue for environmental threats and potential pathogens. Their presence adds a defensive function to the layer's mechanical and differentiation-related roles. Together, immune surveillance and keratinocyte development allow the epidermis to respond to environmental injury while maintaining a continually renewed protective surface.
Locate the living epidermal region between the basal layer and the granular layer, then look for several layers of keratinocytes with visible intercellular connections. The retained desmosomes can produce the characteristic spiny appearance in prepared sections. Cell enlargement and early differentiation also support identification, distinguishing this region from the layers immediately below and above it.
This layer connects ongoing epidermal renewal with the construction of the surface barrier. Its keratinocytes enlarge, synthesize structural proteins and lipids, and move outward as they differentiate. Studying these changes clarifies how skin develops mechanical strength and protective properties, while the presence of Langerhans cells shows how barrier development operates alongside defense against environmental injury and pathogens.