Systemic Exposure
Systemic Exposure - Related Videos
10:11
Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures
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Cited by 51 •
2013
A whole-body nanoparticle aerosol inhalation exposure facility was constructed for nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) inhalation toxicology studies. This system provides nano-TiO2 aerosol test atmospheres that have: 1) a steady mass concentration; 2) a homogenous composition free of contaminants; and 3) a stable particle size distribution during aerosol generation.
09:08
Developing a Salivary Antibody Multiplex Immunoassay to Measure Human Exposure to Environmental Pathogens
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Cited by 11 •
2016
In the current climate of scarce resources, new technologies are emerging that allow researchers to conduct studies cheaper, faster and with more precision. Here we describe the development of a bead-based salivary antibody multiplex immunoassay to measure human exposure to multiple environmental pathogens simultaneously.
09:50
Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke
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Cited by 41 •
2015
The aim of this protocol is to expose human organotypic 3D bronchial and nasal tissue models to mainstream cigarette smoke (CS) at the air-liquid interface. The impact of CS on the tissues is then investigated using a cytochrome P450 activity assay, a cilia beating measurement, and a systems biology approach.
13:19
The Use of Chemostats in Microbial Systems Biology
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Cited by 67 •
2013
Cell growth rate is a regulated process and a primary determinant of cell physiology. Continuous culturing using chemostats enables extrinsic control of cell growth rate by nutrient limitation facilitating the study of molecular networks that control cell growth and how those networks evolve to optimize cell growth.
08:30
X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
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Cited by 2 •
2011
We are developing a dynamic adaptive exposure technique using our scanning beam digital X-ray system. Rather than exposing an object uniformly, the exposure is adapted depending on the opacity of the object. Here we show an experiment on an anthropomorphic phantom that resulted in a dose saving of 30%.
FAQs
Dose determines the amount of drug available for the body to process, while the administration route affects absorption and bioavailability, meaning the fraction that reaches circulation. Consequently, changing either variable can alter blood or plasma concentration–time measurements. Clinical investigators account for these differences when comparing regimens and interpreting whether observed exposure changes arise from dose or route.
Absorption controls how a substance enters circulation, whereas bioavailability describes how much becomes available after administration. These factors help explain why the same nominal dose may produce different concentration–time profiles under different administration conditions. Evaluating them allows investigators to distinguish reduced delivery to circulation from later influences such as metabolism or clearance.
Distribution determines how the substance reaches tissues after entering circulation, while metabolism changes it within the body and clearance removes it. Together, these processes influence how long measurable concentrations persist and how exposure varies over time. Their effects matter when researchers assess dosing intervals, interpret concentration measurements, and consider whether prolonged exposure could relate to therapeutic or adverse effects.
Investigators commonly collect blood or plasma samples at defined points and examine concentration–time measurements. The resulting pattern helps characterize both the amount of drug present and its persistence after administration. Consistent sampling and comparison across participants, doses, routes, or formulations allow researchers to evaluate pharmacokinetic variability and determine whether a treatment produces the intended exposure profile.
Comparing concentration–time measurements across formulations shows whether changes in the product alter delivery to general circulation. Such comparisons can identify meaningful differences in absorption or bioavailability without relying only on the administered dose. During development, this information helps investigators evaluate formulations, select appropriate dosing regimens, and determine whether formulation changes may affect expected therapeutic or adverse responses.
Clinical teams use exposure data to connect measured drug concentrations with therapeutic effects and adverse reactions. These relationships support evidence-based selection of dose and regimen rather than relying on dose alone. Exposure comparisons also reveal pharmacokinetic variability among participants, helping investigators judge whether a proposed regimen provides suitable drug availability while supporting evaluation of safety during development and patient care.