Bead Grafting
Bead Grafting - Related Videos
11:48
Grafting of Beads into Developing Chicken Embryo Limbs to Identify Signal Transduction Pathways Affecting Gene Expression
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Cited by 2 •
2016
By grafting beads soaked in growth factors or specific inhibitors of signaling pathways into developing embryos it is possible to directly test their effects in vivo. In this protocol beads are grafted into the limb bud to determine the effects of these molecules on gene expression and signal transduction.
07:37
Mouse Models for Graft Arteriosclerosis
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Cited by 17 •
2013
We describe protocols for our mouse graft arteriosclerois (GA) models which involve interposition of a mouse vessel segment into a recipient of the same inbred strain. By backcrossing additional genetic changes into the vessel donor, the model can assess the effect of specific genes on GA.
03:35
A Technique for Human Skin Grafting in a Mouse Model
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2025
This video demonstrates a method for grafting human skin onto an immunodeficient mouse with a suppressed neutrophil response. The method involves applying human split-thickness skin to the mouse's graft bed, sealing it, and covering it for recovery. Eventually, the human skin adheres to the mouse's skin, establishing vascularization and circulation, resulting in a successful skin xenograft.
05:47
Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts.
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Cited by 14 •
2015
This report provides a detailed description of transplanting murine thymi from different aged donor mice under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mouse recipients. The goal of this approach is to model T cell development and thymic selection events in vivo.
11:52
Microbubble Fabrication of Concave-porosity PDMS Beads
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Cited by 2 •
2015
Procedures used to generate microstructured concave-porosity polydimethylsiloxane beads are presented. Effects of electrolyte concentration and identity within the aqueous phase are particularly emphasized.
FAQs
The bead provides a defined, concentrated source of a purified signaling protein beside embryonic cells. As the factor is released locally, nearby cells can respond through signaling pathways and changes in gene expression. This spatially restricted exposure helps investigators distinguish effects caused by the signal from broader developmental changes occurring elsewhere in the embryo.
An inert bead serves as a carrier rather than an active biological signal. Its main experimental value is allowing the signaling molecule to be positioned near a selected group of embryonic cells while minimizing added biological activity from the carrier itself. This controlled placement makes local changes in cell behavior or tissue organization easier to associate with the purified factor.
Researchers examine whether exposure produces a new structure, redirects tissue patterning, or affects formation of a developmental axis. These outcomes provide different evidence about the signal’s role: structural induction suggests it can initiate tissue development, altered patterning indicates positional influence, and axis-related effects connect the factor with large-scale embryonic organization.
A typical workflow begins by soaking an inert bead in a purified protein. The loaded bead is then placed near embryonic cells in living tissue, where it supplies a localized source of the factor. Investigators subsequently compare treated embryos with controls and assess changes in signaling responses, gene expression, tissue organization, or developmental patterning.
Comparison provides the basis for attributing an observed developmental change to the signaling factor. Treated embryos receive the protein-carrying bead, whereas control embryos provide a reference for development without that experimental signal. Differences between groups can therefore help indicate whether the factor influences cell behavior, tissue organization, structure formation, or embryonic patterning.
The technique is useful when researchers need to test the effect of a signal at a defined location in an embryo. By placing the factor near selected cells, they can investigate how localized cues influence neighboring tissue, activate signaling pathways, change gene expression, and regulate morphogen-dependent processes involved in embryonic development.