Uremic State
Uremic State - Related Videos
07:52
A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy
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Cited by 41 •
2017
This manuscript provides a detailed two-step surgical procedure to perform mouse 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx) with pole ligation. Four weeks after surgery, in comparison with sham-operated mice, the PNx mice developed impaired renal function, anemia, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and decreased heart systolic and diastolic function.
06:32
Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions
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2025
Here, we describe the protocols for obtaining primary cultures of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HRTEC) from the kidney cortex to develop monolayers and three-dimensional cultures on an extracellular matrix (3D-HRTEC).
11:06
GC-based Detection of Aldononitrile Acetate Derivatized Glucosamine and Muramic Acid for Microbial Residue Determination in Soil
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Cited by 41 •
2012
We describe a method protocol for the GC-based analysis of the aldonitrile acetate derivatives of glucosamine and muramic acid extracted from soil. For elucidation of the chemical mechanism, we also present a strategy to confirm the structure of the derivative and the ion fragments formed upon electron ionization.
06:59
Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
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Cited by 5 •
2022
Presented here is sgRNA/CAS9 endonuclease and next-generation sequencing protocol that can be used to identify the mutations associated with double strand break repair near the CD4 promoter.
06:35
An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Cited by 2 •
2019
The protocol illustrates the use of histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry to profile the folate receptor beta macrophage and its relationship with the total immune cell infiltrate in temporal artery biopsies in giant cell arteritis.
FAQs
A uremic state reflects several simultaneous regulatory failures, not simply the presence of one unwanted compound. Declining filtration affects nitrogen-containing waste clearance, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid–base conditions. Engineering solutions therefore need to address multiple aspects of physiological homeostasis while avoiding additional disruption, making system performance more complex than maximizing removal of a single solute.
Selective separation is central because treatment must remove harmful metabolic wastes and excess solutes while preserving essential blood components. Dialysis membranes and related devices therefore must support useful transport across a barrier without indiscriminately depleting the blood. This balance determines whether an artificial kidney can provide corrective renal replacement rather than simply causing broad changes in blood composition.
Both technologies must interact with blood while supporting controlled correction of the disturbances associated with impaired kidney function. The membrane provides selective solute handling, whereas the extracorporeal circulation system enables blood to reach and leave the treatment region. Their performance must be considered together because separation capability alone does not describe the effectiveness of the complete treatment system.
Design begins by linking the physiological disturbances to the functions the device must perform. Engineers can then focus on removal of metabolic waste and excess solutes, preservation of essential blood components, and support for fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base regulation. Integrating these requirements helps align membrane, circulation, and monitoring technologies with the needs of renal replacement therapy.
Monitoring technologies provide a way to assess whether an engineered treatment is addressing the relevant physiological disturbances. Because impaired kidney function affects waste accumulation, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid–base conditions, monitoring should support evaluation across these domains rather than focus on a single measurement. This information can guide assessment of system performance and treatment adequacy.
These technologies are relevant when renal replacement therapy must compensate for inadequate natural kidney function. Research may examine how efficiently devices remove harmful solutes, how well they preserve essential blood components, and how biocompatibly they operate. The same engineering context also supports development of future systems intended to provide more efficient treatment while maintaining physiological compatibility.