Hiv Latent Reservoir
Hiv Latent Reservoir - Related Videos
05:46
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Cited by 15 •
2014
Here we describe cellular cytotoxicity and single round infectivity assays that allow for the rapid and accurate screening of compounds to determine their cellular cytotoxicity (CC50) and IC50 values against WT and drug resistant HIV-1.
13:58
Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
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Cited by 10 •
2011
Quantifying levels of HIV-1 RNA in plasma and sequencing single HIV-1 genomes from individuals with viral loads below the limit of detection (50-75 copies/ml) is difficult. Here we describe how to extract and quantify plasma viral RNA using a real time PCR assay that reliably measures HIV-1 RNA down to 0.3 copies/ml and how to amplify viral genomes by single genome sequencing, from samples with very low viral loads.
01:30
Reservoir of Infection
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2026
Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
06:46
Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
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Cited by 51 •
2016
Techniques describing a gradient procedure to separate exosomes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) particles are described. This procedure was used to isolate exosomes away from HIV particles in human plasma from HIV-infected individuals. The isolated exosomes were analyzed for cytokine/chemokine content.
13:08
Visualizing Cell-to-cell Transfer of HIV using Fluorescent Clones of HIV and Live Confocal Microscopy
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Cited by 4 •
2010
This visualized experiment is a guide for utilizing a fluorescent molecular clone of HIV for live confocal imaging experiments.
FAQs
Persistence is supported by two linked conditions: integration of proviral DNA into the host-cell genome and limited transcription in resting CD4 T cells. Because these cells are not activated, viral gene expression remains suppressed, allowing the integrated sequence to remain in the cellular genome rather than producing active virus. This genetic and cellular state is central to reservoir maintenance.
Cell activation can remove the transcriptional restraint that maintains latency. In a reservoir-harboring CD4 T cell, activation may permit an integrated provirus to resume viral gene expression and replication. This transition explains why latent infection can persist during treatment yet become biologically relevant when the infected cell later changes state.
Genetic analysis adds information that cannot be obtained from cellular status alone. Examining proviral sequences can help describe the reservoir’s composition, assess how it persists, and identify evidence of clonal expansion, in which related infected cells become represented repeatedly. These measurements connect viral genotype with the reservoir’s composition and persistence.
Replication competence is an important interpretive distinction in reservoir studies. A proviral sequence may be present in cellular DNA, but the key reservoir concern is whether it retains the capacity to produce virus. Identifying replication-competent viral genetic material focuses research on infected cells that can contribute to persistence and informs the relevance of genetic findings.
Reservoir research supports cure strategies that address proviral expression rather than only ongoing treatment. One approach seeks to reactivate latent virus so infected cells can be eliminated; another aims to keep proviral expression permanently silent. Comparing these directions helps researchers target either removal of reservoir activity or durable suppression of viral gene expression.
Clonal expansion matters because it can change how the reservoir is represented in genetic data. When related infected cells become more numerous, their proviral sequences may appear repeatedly, helping researchers assess reservoir composition and persistence. This makes clonal expansion a relevant outcome when interpreting the genetic features of reservoir-harboring cells.