Focus Variation Scanning
Focus Variation Scanning - Related Videos
07:34
Delivery of Antibodies into the Brain Using Focused Scanning Ultrasound
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Cited by 6 •
2020
Presented here is a protocol to transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) either focally or throughout a mouse brain to deliver fluorescently-labeled antibodies and activate microglia. Also presented is a method to detect the delivery of antibodies and microglia activation by histology.
01:21
Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy for 3D Reconstruction of Synaptically Linked Neurons
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2025
Take a fixed section of mouse cortical brain tissue exhibiting neuronal axons and dendrites. The dendrites possess protrusions, known as dendritic spines, which form synapses with axons.Incubate the tissue with osmium-ferrocyanide, which binds to lipids, followed by another osmium application, which enhances structural contrast for imaging.Stain with a heavy metal compound that binds to macromolecules and enhances contrast.Dehydrate using increasing alcohol concentrations for resin...
01:14
What is Variation?
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2023
Apart from the measures of central tendency, distribution, outliers, and the changing characteristics of data with time, an important characteristic of any data set is its variation or spread. In some data sets, the data values are concentrated closely near the mean; in others, the data values are more widely spread out from the mean. The range, standard deviation, standard error, and variance are the different measures of variation. Range: The range is the difference between its maximum and...
09:30
Focused Ion Beams
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2023
Source: Sina Shahbazmohamadi and Peiman Shahbeigi-Roodposhti-Roodposhti, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT As electron microscopes become more complex and widely used in research labs, it becomes more of a necessity to introduce their capabilities. Focused ion beam (FIB) is an instrument that can be employed in order to fabricate, trim, analyze and characterize materials on mico- and nano-scales in a wide variety of fields from nano-electronics to medicine. FIB...
09:09
Targeted Studies Using Serial Block Face and Focused Ion Beam Scan Electron Microscopy
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Cited by 15 •
2019
Here, we present a protocol for efficiently combining serial block face and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy to target an area of interest. This allows for efficient searching, in three dimensions, and locating rare events in a large field of view.
FAQs
Maximum sharpness serves as the local reference for height measurement. For each image region, the focal position producing the clearest image indicates where that part of the surface is best resolved. Repeating this determination across the scan allows the system to assemble neighboring local measurements into a coherent three-dimensional description of surface shape and texture.
A single two-dimensional image shows appearance at one focal setting, whereas the assembled three-dimensional map records variation in surface height across the observed area. That added spatial information makes it possible to analyze topography and texture quantitatively, including features associated with roughness or microscopic wear. The result is a measurable surface description rather than only an optical view.
Focus Variation Scanning can provide quantitative information about surface topography, texture, roughness, and microscopic wear. These measurements help describe how a surface is shaped and how finely varied its features are, while wear assessment reveals small changes in that surface. For biomedical materials, the resulting data support structured characterization rather than a purely visual judgment of appearance.
A basic workflow begins by positioning the specimen under the microscope, varying the objective’s focal position, and recording image regions as focus changes. The sharpest position is identified for each region, and the collected measurements are combined into a three-dimensional surface map. This sequence converts the scan into quantitative topographic data for subsequent material or specimen characterization.
The method is applicable when researchers need surface information from implants, dental materials, or tissue specimens without contacting the sample. In these settings, the scan can characterize surface shape, texture, roughness, or microscopic wear. This measurement approach supports examination of biomedical surfaces and structures whose microscopic features may be relevant to material characterization and biological performance.
In medicine, the technique connects quantitative surface measurement with questions about biomaterial quality and biological performance. Implant and dental-material studies can document surface condition, while tissue studies can characterize microscopic surface features. Its value is that the resulting measurements provide a defined topographic record for quality control, biomaterials research, and evaluation of medically relevant surface characteristics.