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Engineering
测定钢筋混凝土结构试样腐蚀的氯化物阈值的试验规程
测定钢筋混凝土结构试样腐蚀的氯化物阈值的试验规程
JoVE Journal
Engineering
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Engineering
Experimental Protocol to Determine the Chloride Threshold Value for Corrosion in Samples Taken from Reinforced Concrete Structures

测定钢筋混凝土结构试样腐蚀的氯化物阈值的试验规程

Full Text
16,086 Views
10:00 min
August 31, 2017

DOI: 10.3791/56229-v

Ueli M. Angst1, Carolina Boschmann1, Matthias Wagner2, Bernhard Elsener1,3

1Institute for Building Materials,ETH Zurich, 2Tecnotest AG, 3Department of Chemical and Geological Science,University of Cagliari

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a method for measuring the chloride threshold value in reinforced concrete, crucial for assessing corrosion resistance. The method allows for testing samples from actual engineering structures, ensuring realistic conditions at the steel-concrete interface.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Civil Engineering
  • Corrosion Science
  • Material Testing

Background

  • Chloride threshold values are essential for predicting chloride-induced corrosion in concrete.
  • Current practices often rely on generalized values from standards or textbooks.
  • Real conditions at the steel-concrete interface significantly influence these values.
  • Testing samples from structures provides more accurate assessments than laboratory samples.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a method for accurately measuring the chloride threshold value in reinforced concrete.
  • To improve corrosion prediction models by using real-world samples.
  • To establish a reliable testing protocol for civil engineering applications.

Methods Used

  • Selection of test areas and identification of reinforcing steel bars using a non-destructive detector.
  • Core drilling of concrete samples containing reinforcing steel.
  • Preparation of samples for exposure testing to chloride solutions.
  • Monitoring of potentials to evaluate corrosion initiation over time.

Main Results

  • The method allows for the accurate measurement of chloride threshold values in real conditions.
  • Corrosion initiation criteria were established based on potential measurements.
  • Results indicate significant differences in chloride threshold values based on actual structural conditions.
  • The approach provides a more reliable basis for predicting corrosion in reinforced concrete.

Conclusions

  • This method enhances the understanding of corrosion processes in reinforced concrete.
  • It offers a practical solution for assessing the durability of concrete structures.
  • The findings can inform better design and maintenance practices in civil engineering.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the chloride threshold value?
The chloride threshold value is a critical parameter that indicates the level of chloride ions at which corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete begins.
Why is testing real samples important?
Testing real samples ensures that the conditions at the steel-concrete interface are accurately represented, leading to more reliable corrosion assessments.
How does this method differ from traditional testing?
Unlike traditional methods that use generalized values, this method tests actual samples from structures, providing more accurate and relevant data.
What are the criteria for corrosion initiation?
Corrosion initiation is indicated by a potential decrease of more than 150 millivolts from the passive level within five days, and further potential stability or decrease over the next ten days.
What materials are used in the testing process?
Materials include concrete cores, reinforcing steel bars, epoxy resin for coating, and sodium chloride solutions for exposure testing.
How long does the testing process take?
The exposure testing process can take several months, with specific intervals for increasing chloride concentrations and monitoring corrosion states.

我们提出了一种方法来测量的参数, 这是高度相关的腐蚀评估或预测钢筋混凝土结构, 主要优势, 允许测试的样品从工程结构。这确保了在钢-混凝土界面的实际条件, 这是至关重要的, 以避免实验室制造的样品的工件。

该方法的总体目标是测量氯化物阈值,这是一个基本参数,用于表征钢筋混凝土的耐腐蚀能力。当前所有模型都需要此参数来预测混凝土中氯化物诱导的腐蚀。虽然众所周知,氯化物阈值在很大程度上取决于所用材料等因素,但通常的做法是依赖标准或教科书中规定的一般值。

我们方法的主要优点是它允许测试土木工程结构。这类似于测试混凝土强度等机械性能的成熟方法。通过检测结构中的样品,我们确保真实条件对氯化物阈值产生很大影响。

例如,在实验室生产的样品中无法代表性模拟的钢混凝土界面。首先在混凝土结构中选择测试区域,如文本协议中所述。通过通常称为钢筋探测器的非破坏性手持式扫描设备定位混凝土中的钢筋。

在

测试区域内的混凝土表面上沿水平和垂直方向移动钢探测器。使用粉笔在混凝土表面上以网格形状临时标记每个钢筋。选择直径至少为 150 毫米的型芯的取芯钻孔位置。

在混凝土表面上标记和标记它们。根据通用程序和标准钻取包含钢筋段的混凝土芯。钻孔后,例如,使用凿子从结构中取出混凝土芯。

最后,将核心包裹在扩散型箔中,以在运输到实验室的过程中保持水分条件。减少前面的混凝土覆盖层,即水冷金刚石切割原本暴露的一侧。样品的最终混凝土覆盖层厚度在 15 到 20 毫米之间。

接下来,建立电缆连接并保护钢筋端部在暴露测试期间免受假腐蚀。为此,首先使用内径略大于钢筋直径的取芯钻,以清除每个钢筋末端钢筋周围的混凝土,最大长度为 10 毫米。借助适当的工具刮擦粘附在钢表面的水泥浆的残留物。

然后,在钢筋的一端钻一个小孔,并使用金属自攻螺钉将电缆接线片固定到钢筋上。小心地将浆料倒入孔中,用致密的水泥浆、砂浆或灌浆填充钢筋两端周围形成的间隙。还要涂覆电缆连接的螺丝端接线片。

刚才描述的程序对于避免假腐蚀起始至关重要。这意味着,钢筋末端的腐蚀。为了限制暴露的表面积,用环氧树脂涂覆芯的侧面,并涂覆钢筋端部和电缆连接。

使用相同的环氧树脂,在核心的一侧涂覆裸露的混凝土表面的端部,该侧以前最靠近结构混凝土表面。沿这一侧的钢筋留出 60 至 80 毫升的无涂层裸露长度。将所有样品放入槽中,样品面显示 15 至 20 毫升混凝土覆盖厚度,面朝下。

将样品安装在狭小的空间上,以允许溶液从其底部暴露在样品上。然后,将参比电极放入曝光溶液中。将所有样品连接到自动数据记录器,该数据记录器可以单独测量钢筋与公共参比电极的电位。

用自来水填充水箱,使其核心样品的所有下侧都与溶液接触,但未完全浸入水中。保持参比电极和曝光溶液之间的接触,通过测量所有样品相对于参比电极的电位立即开始数据记录。在无氯溶液中 1 至 2 周后,用制备的 3.5 重量氯化钠溶液替换暴露溶液。

继续监测样品的电位,并通过评估每个样品记录的电位随时间的变化并考虑腐蚀起始标准来定期检查每个样品的腐蚀状态。60 天后,将溶液中的氯化钠浓度增加到 7%(以重量计)。120 天后,将溶液中的氯化钠浓度增加到 10%(以重量计)。

在此之后,将氯化物浓度维持在该水平。每当评估暴露期间记录的钢电位时,请使用这两个腐蚀起始标准来检查每个样品的腐蚀状态。第一个标准是在 5 天或更短的时间内可能从无源电平减少超过 150 毫伏。

第二个标准是,在接下来的 10 天内,电位稳定在达到的负水平上,进一步降低,或最多恢复 50 毫伏。一旦满足腐蚀起始标准,立即从暴露溶液中取出样品。记录样品开始腐蚀的时间。

要开始样品分析,首先,将样品分开以去除钢筋。使用水冷金刚石切割刀片从混凝土芯的背面切割。确保截面垂直于背面,并平行于钢筋对齐。

为避免损坏钢筋,请确保切割深度未达到钢材。保留大约 10 毫米以确保安全裕度。插入凿子或类似工具,将混凝土芯分成两半,以将混凝土分成钢筋周围。

轻轻地从混凝土中取出钢筋,这会在混凝土样品的两半上留下钢筋的印记。通过检查钢表面和混凝土中的钢筋印记,立即记录钢混凝土界面的视觉外观。为了进行氯化物分析并确定临界氯化物含量,请去除通过水冷金刚石切割在混凝土核心的两半上涂有环氧树脂的部件。

从获得的棱柱中,去除混凝土和覆盖区,使用水冷金刚石涂层,直到钢条上 2 毫米。随后,研磨混凝土并收集研磨粉。这个研磨步骤的厚度为 4 毫米。

将获得的混凝土粉末样品在 105 摄氏度下干燥至恒重。然后,计算两个值的平均值。记录氯化物分析的结果,这是特定样品的临界氯化物含量。

确保指示该值是以混凝土重量百分比还是水泥重量百分比表示。该图显示了在实验室中接触氯化物期间监测的钢电位示例。电位可能会在很短的时间内显着下降,但腐蚀过程可能不会不稳定地传播,由于电位增加到其初始钝化水平,腐蚀过程变得很明显。

在暴露大约 60 天时,电位最终下降超过 150 毫伏,并在负水平上保持 10 天。因此,满足了分割样本的标准。该图显示了劈开样品后钢筋上肉眼可见的腐蚀点的示例。

临界氯化物含量的代表性结果来自瑞士阿尔卑斯山一条 40 多年的隧道。该图显示了 11 个混凝土芯的结果,从而产生了所研究的结构构件的临界氯化物含量的统计分布。与结构的经验经验相反,结构希望在腐蚀开始后获得定义。

该方法可以在腐蚀降解发生之前测量结构构件或特定结构的氯化物阈值。与使用恒定氯化物阈值的常见做法相比,我们的方法在工程实践中的应用将提高状态评估的准确性和模型分析结构剩余服务的预测能力。

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