Bacterial Centrifugation
Bacterial Centrifugation - Related Videos
07:07
Working with Centrifuges
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2023
Source: Robert M. Rioux & Suprita Jharimune, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Earth's gravitational force is capable of separating heterogeneous mixtures. However, many systems avert this type of separation owing to the length of time usually required in such cases. Centrifugation is one of the most powerful tools for the separation of heterogeneous mixtures1. It involves the application of centripetal force for sedimentation of the heavier phase, leading to separation of...
01:05
Centrifugation
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2024
Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
07:52
An Introduction to the Centrifuge
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2023
The centrifuge is an instrument used in nearly every research lab across the globe. Centrifugation is the process by which a centrifuge is used to separate components of a complex mixture. By spinning laboratory samples at very high speeds, the components of a given mixture are subjected to centrifugal force, which causes more dense particles to migrate away from the axis of rotation and lighter ones to move toward it. These particles can sediment at the bottom of the tube into what’s...
06:39
Isolation and Purification of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles from Human Feces Using Density Gradient Centrifugation
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Cited by 12 •
2023
This study describes a method to isolate and purify bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) enriched from human feces via density gradient centrifugation (DGC), identifies the physical characteristics of BEVs from morphology, particle size, and concentration, and discusses the potential applications of the DGC approach in clinical and scientific research.
01:06
Centrifugal Force
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2023
Pseudo forces, or fictitious forces, appear to act on an object in motion in a rotating frame of reference with respect to an inertial reference frame. These forces are not real forces but rather mathematical constructs and are introduced to simplify calculations in a non-inertial frame while using Newton's laws of motion. Common examples of pseudo forces include centrifugal, Coriolis, and Euler forces. These forces are essential in fields such as mechanics, astrophysics, and fluid dynamics,...
FAQs
Several variables jointly determine how effectively bacterial material sediments. Higher rotational speed can drive separation more strongly, while longer spinning gives particles additional time to move downward. Particle size and density also matter because they influence how readily cells travel through the liquid. Changing one condition can therefore alter pellet formation and the amount of bacterial material recovered.
The pellet and supernatant represent distinct sample fractions with different experimental value. Bacterial cells or cellular material collected at the tube bottom can be retained for washing, microscopy, DNA extraction, protein extraction, or biochemical work. The liquid above may be removed when the goal is to eliminate growth media, or retained when analysis requires the separated surrounding fraction.
The same physical separation can support different laboratory objectives. Researchers may collect a pellet to harvest cells from a culture, concentrate bacteria when the original sample is dilute, or remove growth medium before another experiment. These goals differ in emphasis: concentration increases the amount of bacterial material in a smaller fraction, whereas media removal prepares that material for downstream processing.
A typical workflow places the bacterial liquid sample in a centrifuge tube and spins it under selected rotational-speed and time conditions. After separation, the bacterial material is identified as the pellet at the bottom, while the remaining liquid is the supernatant above it. The appropriate fraction is then retained or removed according to the next experimental step.
The essential setup includes a centrifuge, suitable tubes, and a liquid sample containing bacterial material. Researchers select rotational speed and centrifugation time because these conditions affect how completely cells move toward the tube bottom. Particle size and density also guide the expected outcome, so operating conditions should match whether the aim is cell harvesting, concentration, or media removal.
This technique is useful whenever bacterial material must be separated from its surrounding liquid before analysis. It can prepare pellets for washing, microscopy, DNA extraction, protein extraction, and further biochemical experiments. In culture processing, it also helps harvest cells or concentrate dilute samples, making bacterial material more suitable for downstream microbiological and molecular investigations.