Immune Dysfunction
Immune Dysfunction - Related Videos
01:38
What is the Immune System?
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2019
Overview The immune system comprises diverse biological structures and processes that protect the body from disease. These processes can be classified into innate and adaptive immunity. To work effectively, the immune system needs to detect pathogens by distinguishing the body’s own structures from foreign elements. If this determination fails, autoimmune diseases occur in which the immune system reacts against the body’s own tissue. The Innate Immune System Acts Fast and Non-specifically
07:42
A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis
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2025
This study investigates the immune condition in sepsis by analyzing the quantitative relationships among white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in sepsis patients and healthy controls using data visualization analysis and three-dimensional numerical fitting to establish a mathematical model.
05:07
Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network
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Cited by 34 •
2016
We have established a technique for the isolation, phenotypic characterization and functional analysis of immune cells from murine gingiva.
01:36
Humoral Immune Responses
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2019
Overview The humoral immune response, also known as the antibody-mediated immune response, targets pathogens circulating in “humors,” or extracellular fluids, such as blood and lymph. Antibodies target invading pathogens for destruction via multiple defense mechanisms, including neutralization, opsonization, and activation of the complement system. Patients that are impaired in the production of antibodies suffer from severe and frequent infections by common pathogens and unusual pathogens. B...
15:39
Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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Cited by 8 •
2019
Herein we describe two approaches to characterize cell polarization events in B lymphocytes during the formation of an IS. The first, involves quantification of organelle recruitment and cytoskeleton rearrangements at the synaptic membrane. The second is a biochemical approach, to characterize changes in composition of the centrosome, which undergoes polarization to the immune synapse.
FAQs
Tolerance mechanisms normally help prevent defensive responses from being directed against healthy tissue. When these controls are impaired, immune activity can become misdirected, contributing to autoimmunity. Examining tolerance alongside immune cells and signaling molecules helps researchers determine whether tissue damage reflects a failure of recognition, regulation, or both, which can guide studies of disease mechanisms.
These forms of immune dysfunction reflect different patterns of regulatory failure. Immunodeficiency is associated with inadequate protection, whereas autoimmunity involves responses directed toward healthy tissue. Chronic inflammation reflects persistent activation rather than a properly resolved response. Distinguishing these patterns allows biological studies to connect altered host defense with different disease processes and therapeutic goals.
Immune dysfunction may be shaped by infections, genetic changes, environmental factors, and broader disease processes. These influences can affect immune cells, signaling molecules, or tolerance mechanisms, producing different patterns of inadequate protection, misdirected activity, or persistent inflammation. Comparing these factors helps researchers explain why immune regulation changes across biological conditions and disease contexts.
Researchers investigate immune dysfunction by examining changes in immune cells, signaling molecules, and tolerance mechanisms in relation to host defense and disease processes. They also consider whether the observed pattern reflects weakened protection, excessive inflammation, or activity against healthy tissue. This approach connects cellular and molecular changes with broader biological outcomes and supports clearer interpretation of disease mechanisms.
Biomarkers can help identify biological changes associated with altered immune activity and may distinguish patterns such as inadequate defense, persistent inflammation, or misdirected responses. In biomedical research, these measurable indicators support investigation of disease processes and may contribute to diagnosis. Their value comes from linking immune-system changes with clinically relevant biological states.
Understanding which immune cells, signaling molecules, or tolerance mechanisms are disrupted can help guide targeted therapeutic strategies. Rather than treating all abnormal immune activity identically, researchers can relate a therapy to the underlying pattern, such as insufficient protection or excessive activation. The broader goal is to restore more balanced immune activity while addressing the disease process involved.