Signal Transduction
Signal Transduction - Related Videos
12:24
Mimicking the Function of Signaling Proteins: Toward Artificial Signal Transduction Therapy
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2016
We present guidelines for developing synthetic 'chemical transducers' that can induce communication between naturally unrelated proteins. In addition, detailed protocols are presented for synthesizing and testing a specific 'transducer' that enables a growth factor to activate a detoxifying enzyme and consequently, to regulate the cleavage of an anticancer prodrug.
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Signal Transduction: Overview
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2025
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk. Typically, signal transduction involves three...
10:13
A Multiplexed Luciferase-based Screening Platform for Interrogating Cancer-associated Signal Transduction in Cultured Cells
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Cited by 6 •
2013
Achieving a systems level understanding of cellular processes is a goal of modern-day cell biology. We describe here strategies for multiplexing luciferase reporters of various cellular function end-points to interrogate gene function using genome-scale RNAi libraries.
11:20
An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation
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Cited by 1 •
2017
In this protocol, caged protein kinase A (PKA), a cellular signal transduction bioeffector, was immobilized on a nanoparticle surface, microinjected into the cytosol, and activated by the upconverted UV light from near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, inducing downstream stress fiber disintegration in the cytosol.
01:16
Transduction
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2025
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
FAQs
Receptor binding changes the state of intracellular proteins, which then transmit the signal through a defined molecular route. The resulting pathway may use phosphorylation cascades, G protein activation, or second-messenger production. Because these mechanisms connect receptor activity to different cellular targets, one signal can produce outcomes such as altered gene expression, metabolism, secretion, or cytoskeletal organization.
These mechanisms transmit information through different intracellular components. Phosphorylation cascades pass the signal through sequential protein modifications, whereas G protein activation uses a signaling protein that changes state after receptor stimulation. Second messengers provide intracellular signals produced downstream of receptor engagement. Each route can connect an external or internal cue to a distinct biological response.
Signal transduction links receptor-triggered molecular changes to multiple classes of cellular targets. Depending on the intracellular proteins and pathway engaged, the response may modify gene expression, metabolic activity, cytoskeletal organization, secretion, or cell survival. This range allows cells to translate communication into outcomes suited to adaptation, coordinated behavior, or specialized biological functions.
A pathway can be followed from the signaling molecule and receptor through intracellular protein changes to the final cellular response. Researchers can therefore examine receptor engagement, phosphorylation, G protein activation, or second-messenger production, then relate those events to changes in gene expression, metabolism, secretion, cytoskeletal organization, or survival. This sequence helps connect molecular events with biological outcomes.
In biology, investigators use signaling pathways as a framework for explaining how cells coordinate development, immune responses, and nervous system function. They can relate receptor-triggered molecular events to changes in cellular behavior and tissue-level processes. Comparing pathway activity across these contexts helps clarify how communication supports adaptation and coordinated biological activity.
Relevant outcomes include changes in gene expression, metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, secretion, and cell survival. These endpoints represent different ways a cell responds after intracellular proteins have been altered by receptor-triggered signaling. Examining several outcomes can show whether a pathway primarily affects cellular activity, structure, communication, or persistence under the conditions being studied.
Defects in signaling pathways can disrupt the cellular responses that normally support coordinated behavior and adaptation. Studying these abnormalities helps researchers investigate diseases such as cancer by connecting altered pathway activity with changes in cell survival or other cellular functions. The same pathway knowledge can guide development of targeted therapies designed around specific signaling defects.